IS It's type & SIS - SKA

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Presented by: Suresh K Ahuja

Outline
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Definitions
Types of Information Systems Information Systems Vs Information Technology Expanding Roles of IS Classification of IS Enterprise Resource Planning Information Systems Development IS as Discipline Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges Conclusion
IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Definition
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Data- Raw facts such as an employees name and number of

hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders. Information-A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. Information Data Rs.35,000 12 Units Rs.12,000 SKA Western Region $100,000 100 Units 35 Units Data Processing
IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Salesperson: SKA Sales Territory: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = Rs.147,000

Views of data
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Physical Level- Describe how a record is physically stored on the computer. Logical level- Describe data stored in the database and relationship among them.

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data modeling
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Data modeling is the analysis of data objects that are used in a business or other context and the identification of the relationship among these data objects. A data model is a collection of logical constructs used to represent the data structure & the data relationship found within database. Data models aremodels Implementation model- Hierarchical, Network, Relational, Object-oriented, Semi-stuctured
Conceptual
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Data Manipulation
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Example: customer survey

 

Reading through data collected from a customer survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful. When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.

Manipulation Classifying

Sorting Verification of data Scanning Composing

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Data Manipulation
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Manipulation
Calculating Recording Summarizing Output

Reporting  Issuance of documents  Retrieval At last- < STORAGE>



IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data, Information and Systems

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Generating Information
Computer-based

ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.

Input-process-output

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Definitions
Information Systems An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Open System Close System

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Information Systems - Purpose

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Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data Information and System

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What Is a System?
System:

A set of components that work together to achieve a common goal. Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal. Open system: System that interfaces with other systems. Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems
IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Characteristics of a system
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Every system has a purpose. Every system is made up of components like input, process, output, Feedback, and control. Systems are made up of subsystems, whole goals are referred to as sub-goals. Goals of a system are more important then subgoals of the sub-system. Systems weather open or closed have an element of control associated with them.
IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Characteristics of a system
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Basic control model of system consists ofA standard for acceptable performance. A method for measuring actual performance. A means of comparing actual performance against standards.

A method for feedback.

System
Output

Input Actual Standard

Means of comparison feedback IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Types of system
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Open and closed system Physical and abstract system Deterministic and probabilistic system

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data, Information, and Systems

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Data vs. Information

Data
  

A given, or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information

Information
  

Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulationIS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data, Information , and Systems

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Information in Context

IS Characteristics of useful It's type & SIS - SKA information

Data, Information and Systems

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Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data, Information, and Systems

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Information and Managers

Systems thinking
 

Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making. Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of business.

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Data, Information, and Systems

Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy

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Data, Information and Systems

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The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy

Synergy


When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately

Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Data, Information and Systems

Components of an information system

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Types of Information Systems

1. Informal Information System 2. Formal Information System

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Computer-based Information System

An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

IS Vs IT
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Payroll System

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hardware Software Databases Networks Other related components are used to build INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Inventory System

Marketing System

Customer Service System

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Expanding Roles of IS
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Data Processing: 1950s-1960s Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s Decision support: 1970s-1980s Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s

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Classification of IS
Information Systems

Operations Support System

Management Support System

Transaction processing systems

Process control systems

Office automation systems

Management information systems

Decision support systems

Executive information systems

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IS It's type & SIS - SKA

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IS It's type & SIS - SKA

1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations Major categories are: i) Transaction processing systems ii) Process control systems iii) Office automation systems 2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are i) Management Information System

ii) Decision Support Systems iii) Executive Information System

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1. Operations Support System i) Transaction processing systems Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes. iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.
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2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are:

i)

Management information systems

 Routine information for routine decisions  Operational efficiency  Use transaction data as main input  Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas

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IS It's type & SIS - SKA

ii) Decision Support System

Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems

End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS

iii) Executive information systems provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives

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Other categories a) Expert systems b) End user computing systems c) Business information systems d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
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Supply chain management system

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Supply chain refers to the sequence of activities involved in

producing a product or service. IS that support these activities and are linked to become one large IS providing information on any stage of a business process are called SCM.

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SCM
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Supply chain strategy

Logistics

Supply chain planning

Manage ment

SCM

Supply
chain enterprise application

Product Lifecycle Procurem ent

Asset Manage ment

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)36

Integrated programs that can manage a companys entire set of business operations Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production and ordering

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CRM
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Customer relationship management-is a multifaceted process, mediated by a set of information technologies that focus on two-way exchanges with customers so that firms have intimate knowledge of their needs, wants, and buying patterns.

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CRM
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1. Acquire Growth
IT innovation Marketing Orientation

Growth

CRM

3. Extend

Shareholder value creation

2. Retain

Growth
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GIS
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Geographic information system Information decision makers need is related to a map, in such cases, special IS called GIS, can be used to tie data to physical locations.  Ensure accurate reporting with improved data management  Speed up decision making with visualization of information from many sources.  Improve productivity with streamlined work processes.  Mobilize crews with up-to-date information viewing and editing in the field

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Information Systems Development

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IS It's type & SIS - SKA

IS as Discipline
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IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.

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IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Challenges
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1. Workforce downsizing 2. Information overload 3. Employee mistrust 4. Difficult to built 5. Security breaches

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Opportunities
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Capture market opportunities Enhanced global competitiveness Support corporate strategy Enhance worker productivity Improve quality of goods and services

IS It's type & SIS - SKA

Why Study IS?

Information Systems Careers

Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

Knowledge Workers

Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology.

Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy

Key

to full participation in western society

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Ethical and Societal Issues

The Not-So-Bright Side

Consumer Privacy

Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.

Employee Privacy

IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and creating stress.

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Ethical and Societal Issues

The Not-So-Bright Side

Freedom of Speech

IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism

No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike other professions.

Social Inequality

Less than 20% of the worlds population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.

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Careers in IS
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System Analyst Network Administrator DBA Network Administrator Web Master CSO CIO & CTO

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Conclusion
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Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges

IS It's type & SIS - SKA