Terminology

Anti-bonding

Electrode Electrolyte

Bonding

Electronic charge transport Ionic charge transport

Electronic conductivity Ionic conductivity.
Metals, semiconductors, solids, liquids Liquid solutions, fused salts
 Surface Science Materials, 2016, 9 1016
DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2018.03.010

God made the bulk;

the surface was invented by the devil
Wolfgang Pauli
(1945 Nobel Prize lecture)
 Band theory of metallic electrodes
Heitler-London: Evolution
LCAO-MO approach to large ensembles of atoms of band

< 10 eV

A A A2 A4 A6 A1023

What is the separation between the levels? – Its a continuum!!! (BAND)

Number of electrons in 1 cm3 of Copper ?

Implications
Lightning rods

Faraday cage