Advantages and disadvantages of bioethanol Ahmed abd Almahmoud Ahmed Omer Nory Mohmmed Faris Abu Algasem

Introduction
Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly fuel for vehicles that normally run on petrol. As a renewable source of energy, it reduces demand on fossil fuels while it burns more cleanly . Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugar, Carbohydrates such as starch are fermented using yeast .

Advantages:
The use of ethanol-blended fuels such as E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) can reduce the net emissions of greenhouse gases by as much as 37.1%, which is a significant amount. Ethanol-blended fuel as E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline) reduces greenhouse gases by up to 3.9%.

 The net effect of ethanol use results in an overall decrease in ozone formation, an important environmental issue. (The emissions produced by burning ethanol are less reactive with sunlight than those produced by burning gasoline, which results in a lower potential for forming the damaging ozone). It burns more cleanly (more complete combustion) . Exhaust gases of ethanol are much cleaner.

 It reduces the amount of high-octane additives. The fuel spills are more easily biodegraded or diluted to non toxic concentrations. You can use any plant for production of bioethanol, it only has to contain sugar and starch.

 It's is carbon neutral, the carbon dioxide released in the bio-ethanol production process is the same amount as the one the crops previously absorbed during photosynthesis. Positive energy balance. The total amount of energy input into the process compared to the energy released by burning the resulting ethanol fuel is known as the energy balance .

Disadvantages
Production of ethanol requires significant energy and large amounts of land. Growing crops for ethanol will affect agriculture. If we use ethanol on 100%, that order cover 75% of the Earth with the appropriate crops. Fuels with more than 10% ethanol content are not compatible with non E85-ready fuel system components and may cause corrosion of ferrous components.

 It can negatively affect electric fuel pumps by increasing internal wear and undesirable spark generation. It is not compatible with capacitance fuel level gauging indicators and may result in erroneous fuel quantity indications in vehicles that employ that system.

 Transportation - ethanol is hygroscopic, it means that it absorbs water from the air and thus has high corrosion aggressiveness. That s why it is transported only by auto transport or railroad. It is also not always compatible with marine craft, especially those that use fiberglass fuel tanks and also not used in aircraft for these same reasons.

 The energy content of the petrol is much higher than the one of bio-ethanol. it is not as efficient as petroleum. Its energy content is 70% of that of petrol. As consumers are you agree to pay more for more fuel to do the same work. The octane number of bio-ethanol is at around 105. that means this substance can be burned in the engines with much higher compression ratio.

References:
http://www.renewable-energy-sources.com http://www.buzzle.com Bioethanol_technolgoy_GEA_Wiegand_en