Metabolic Equations

ACSM Formulas

Conversion Factors
used in Metabolic Calculations 1 KG= 2.2 lb
160 lb/2.2=72.7 kg 60 kgX 2.2=132 lb

1 inch= 2.54 cm
12 in. x 2.54= 30.5 cm

1 m= 100cm
30.5 cm/100= 0.305 m

1 mph= 26.8 meters per minute

6.0 mph x 26.8 = 160.8 m.min

Conversions, cont.
Min/mile pace= 60 min/mph
60 min/7mph= 8.6 min/mile or 8:36 min:sec/mile 60 sec x 0.6 min= 36 sec

1 L = 1000 ml 1 L of O2= 5 kcal 1 MET = 3.5 ml . Kg . Min 1 MET = 1 kcal . Kg . Hr 1 Watt= 6 kgm.min
540 kgm/6 = 90 Watts

kgm.min= kg x 6 x rpm (monark cycle)

Metabolic terms:
Absolute VO2= rate of O2 uptake in Liters/min. Relative VO2= rate of O2 uptake in ml/kg/min. Used to compare VO2 between individuals of different body size. Gross VO2= total consumption of O2 under any circumstances Net VO2= O2 consumption rate above resting O2 consumption rate.
Used to describe the caloric cost of exercise

ACSM Leg Ergometry Equation:

For power outputs between 300-1200 kgm/min, or 50-200 watts
VO2= (1.8 x kgm/min)/ M (wt. in kg) +(7) Or VO2= (10.8 x watts) / M (wt. in kg) + (7)

ACSM Leg Ergometry Equation

To calculate the energy expenditure of a 62 kg woman cycling at a work rate of 450 kgm.min: VO2= (1.8 x 450)/ 62 + 7 VO2= 810/62 + 7 VO2= 13 + 7 VO2= 20 ml/kg/min

ACSM Walking Equation

For speeds of 50-100 m/min. (1.9-3.7 mph) VO2= Resting Component + Horizonal Component + Vertical Component R= 3.5 ml. kg. min.

H=speed (m/min) X 0.1 V=grade (decimal) X m/min X 1.8

VO2= (0.1 x S) + (1.8 x S x G) + 3.5
(H) (V) (R)

ACSM Walking Equation

Calculate VO2 for a 70 kg subject who is walking on the treadmill at a speed of 3.5 mph and a grade of 10%: 1. Convert speed in mph to m.min (3.5 x 26.8= 93.8) 2. Calculate horizontal component. H = speed (m.min) x 0.1 (93.9 x 0.1 = 9.38 ml.kg.min) 3. Calculate vertical component: V= grade (decimal) x speed x 1.8 (.10 x 93.8 x 1.8= 16.88 ml.kg.min 4. Calculate total VO2 by adding H, V, and R (resting) components: VO2= H + V + R (9.38 + 16.88 + 3.5)= 29.76 ml.kg.min Convert VO2 to METS by dividing by 3.5: (29.76/3.5 = 8.5 METS

ACSM Running/Jogging Formula

For speeds > 134 m/min (>5.0 mph), (or for speeds as low as 3mph if jogging) VO2= Resting Component + Horizontal Component + Vertical Component R= 3.5 ml.kg.min H= speed (m/min) X 0.2 V= grade (decimal) X m/min X 0.9 VO2= (0.2 x S) + (0.9 x S x G) + 3.5
(H) (V) (R)

ACSM Jogging/running Formula

Calculate VO2 for someone running a 7.5 mph. (200 meters/min) With a 5% grade? VO2= 3.5+ (m/min X 0.2) 43.5= 3.5 + (200 x 0.2) For uphill running, add:
grade (decimal) x m/min x 0.9 VO2= 3.5 + (200 x 0.2) + (.05 x 200 x 0.9) VO2= 52.5

Arm Ergometer Equation

For power outputs between 150-750 kgm.min or 25-125 watts: VO2= (3 x kgm) / kg + 3.5 Or VO2= (18 x watts) / kg + 3.5

ACSM Arm Egometer Equation

Calculate VO2 for a 50 kg. Individual cycling at 600 kgm: VO2= 3 x 600/50 +3.5 VO2= 1800/50 + 3.5 VO2= 36 + 3.5 VO2= 39.5 ml.kg.min

ACSM Stepping Equation

Convert stepping height in inches to meters Stepping rate is steps per minute VO2= (0.2 x stepping rate) + (1.33 x 1.8 x step height in meters x rate) + 3.5

ACSM Stepping Equation:

To calculate VO2 for bench stepping using a 16 inch step height at a cadence of 24 steps/min. 16 inches = .4064 meters (0.2 x 24) + (1.33 x 1.8 x .4064 x 24) + 3.5 VO2= 4.8 + 30.5 + 3.5 VO2= 38.8 ml/kg/min

Estimating VO2 from Maximal Bruce Protocol

Male: VO2 max = 14.76 - (1.379 x time) + (0.451 x time2) - (0.012 x time3) Female: VO2 max= (4.38 x time) 3.90

Estimating VO2 Max from Balke Protocol (max)

Male: VO2 max= 1.444 x time + 14.99 Female: VO2 max= 1.38 x time + 5.22

Estimating VO2 max from Submax Treadmill Protocol

(multistage)
Use HR and WL data from two or more submaximal stages of treadmill test. Client must reach steady-state HR between 115-150 Determine slope: (b)= (SM2-SM1)/(HR2-HR1)
SM1 and SM2 are expressed as VO2

VO2= SM2 + b (Hr max- HR2)

Estimating VO2 from Submaximal Treadmill Test

(single-stage)
Use one submaximal HR and one workload Steady-state HR should reach between 130-150 bpm Calculate SM VO2 and METS using ACSM equation (remember1MET= 3.5 ml/kg/min) VO2 (male)= SM VO2 (expressed as METs) x (Hrmax-61)/
(HRsm- 61)

VO2 (female)= SM VO2 (expressed at METs) x (Hrmax72)/ HRsm 72)