By EMIL LOUIS No.

18 S7 ME

CONTENTS
Introduction Advantages of two stroke engine Limitations Objectives of this study Engine design Operation Motored engine tests Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

In the late 1990 the Orbital Engine Company of Australia designed such a twostroke engine for automotive application. It was an externally compressed air-scavenging GDI engine that used an airassisted fuel injection system. The use of an external compressor allows lubrication similar to that used in fourstroke automotive engines. Exhaust ports were located at the bottom of the cylinder as with conventional two stroke engines.

ADVANTAGES OF THE TWO STROKE ENGINE

High power to weight ratio

Lighter fly wheel Valves and valve springs are absent

Simple design Low manufacturing cost

LIMITATIONS
Removal of exhaust gases is not efficient. Insufficient scavenging results in excessive exhaust gas residual concentration

that leads to slow, inefficient burning and misfires.

They also suffer from lower fuel efficiency due to significant amounts of air

fuel mixture being lost out the exhaust pipe.

High emissions due to unburned hydrocarbons flowing out the exhaust along

with the combustion products.

OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY

This study explores:

the feasibility of using multiple check valves built into the cylinder head, in place of a camshaft driven poppet valve, in a topdown uniflow-scavenged engine. the possibility of a clean burning engine that could rival four-stroke engine emissions. to demonstrate the feasibility of the check valve concept and the basic operation of the engine.

ENGINE DESIGN
A single-cylinder 1975 Yamaha 400 cc two-

stroke engine.
The engine block and cylinder head were

specially constructed.
Two diametrically opposed sets of exhaust

ports are located at the bottom of the cylinder.

The head contains a matrix of 16 check

valves.
Supercharger is used to supply scavenging air

which is mounted above the intake plenum.

 Two diametrically opposed set of exhaust ports are located at the bottom of the cylinder. Each port consist of four 15 mm dia closely spaced round ports.

 The head contains a matrix of 16 check valves . Each valve consist of a 10 mm dia channel opening upto 2.6 mm long and then a 16 mm cavity. The cavity contains 1.5 mm thin ,12.24 mm square steel plates that weighs 1.23 grams. A two mm thick stainless steel plate provided at the bottom of the head supports platelets from below. The retaining plates have a cluster of four 5.5mm dia holes for each check valves. .
10

Contd
The retaining plate has a rectangular slot cut at the center for spark

plug and fuel injector.

The platelets are free floating. The roots type super charger supply the scavenging air. The supercharger mounted to large 3.8 gallon surge tank. Fuel injector is operating at a pressure of 75 bar.

11

12

.
Illustration of check valve looking up at the retaining plate.

(a) Platelet in the optimum orientation for airflow. (b) Platelet rotated 45 resulting in a poor orientation for airflow.

13

OPERATION

14

MOTORED ENGINE TESTS

The novel feature of the engine is the completely free operation of the

valves without the use of a cam.

The valves are not driven off with the cam profile. The purpose of this test is to determine the exact timing of operation

of inlet valves.
The method is to use piezoelectric sensers to sense the vibrations . Engine speed was 675 rpm.

15

TEST DATA ANALYSIS

16

CONCLUSIONS
The engine equipped with the novel passive check valve concept was

successfully operated.
Fuel efficiency was increased due to the novelty of the engine. Opening and closing times of valves is determined from the graph. The engine was successfully fired up to a maximum speed of 3600 rpm.

17

REFERENCES
G. Ciccarelli, Steve Reynolds, Phillip Oliver- Design and evaluation of the

ELEVATE two-stroke automotive engine- Mechanical and Engineering, Queens University, SAE Paper 2003-01-0403, 2003.

Materials

P. Oliver, S. Reynolds, G. Ciccarelli, Flowbench -Calibration of a numerical

model for a novel uniflow-scavenged two-stroke GDI engine- SAE Power Train Conference, Toronto, 2006.
Richard Stone-Introduction to IC Engines- MacMillan Press Ltd, 1999. J.B. Heywood-Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals- McGraw-Hill, 1988.

18

19

Queries?

20