Lesson plans

HCF and LCM

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

LESSON PLAN BREAK-UP

Lesson Setting/time plan 1 2 3 Classroom/30 mins AV room/45 mins
Slide # Topic

Multiples
Composite and prime numbers Divisibility rules, factorization/ Exponents and prime factorization Class test
LCM LCM HCF HCF

Class room/60 mins AV room/45 mins Class rooom/45 mins AV room/45 mins
AV room/45 mins

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Class room/60 mins

AV room/45 mins

Class rooom/45 mins

Class test

Content
Learning objectives Multiples Prime and composite numbers Test of divisibility Factors Factorization and index notation LCM  Prime Factorization  Short Division HCF  Prime Factorization  Short Division  Factor tree Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF  Venn Diagram

Learning Objectives
The student will be able to : Differentiate between the terms
 factors and multiples  composite and prime numbers  LCM and HCF

Lists the multiples and factors of composite numbers Express factors as index notations Calculates the HCF and LCM of 2 or 3 digit numbers using
    Number trees Prime factorization Long division method Venn Diagram

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Multiples Multiples of a number can be made by multiplying the number by any whole number. 1X12=12 2X12 = 24 3 X12 =36 4X12=48 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96,108,120 .are multiples of 12 1 x 10 = 10, 2 x 10 = 20, 3 x 10 = 30, 4 x 10 = 40, 5 x 10 = 50, 6 x 10 = 60, and so on ...

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Multiples
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

A clock is set to ring at every 5th minute. Will it ring 55 minutes later?

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Multiples
Is 12 a multiple of 3? If you multiply 3 by 4 you get 12, so 12 is a multiple of 3. Is 15 a multiple of 3? 3 x 5 = 15. So 15 is a multiple of 3, (and also of 5). Is 21 a multiple of 6? 21 is not a multiple of 6 because you can't make 21 by multiplying 6 by any whole number. 6 x 3 = 18 and 6 x 4 = 24 but there is no whole number between 3 and 4 that could give us an answer of 21.

What are the first five multiples of 13?

13 x 1 =13 13 x 2 = 26 13 x 3 = 39 13 x 4 = 52 13 x 5 = 65

13, 26, 39, 52, 65

13, 26, 39, 52, 65

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Find the Missing Multiples

6, 12, 18, ____, ____ ___, 6, 9, 12, ____, ____, 21 ___, 24, 36, 48, 60, ____
12 72 3 15 18 24 30

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Composite and Prime numbers

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 7 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 9 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
10

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Prime Numbers
A prime number is a positive integer that has exactly two positive integer factors, 1 and itself. For example, if we list the factors of 28, we have 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28. That's six factors. If we list the factors of 29, we only have 1 and 29. That's two factors. So we say that 29 is a prime number, but 28 isn't.

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

11

Composite Numbers
A Composite Number can be divided evenly by numbers other than 1 or itself. Example: is 6 a Prime Number or Composite Number? 6 can be divided evenly by 2, or by 3, as well as by 1 or 6: 6=16 6=23 So 6 is a Composite Number

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

12

Factors
Factors are the numbers you multiply together to get a product or a factor is a number that exactly divides another number without leaving a remainder. 12 can be written as the product of 2 x 6 or 2 x 6 = 12
2 and 6 are the factors of 12 12 is the multiple of its factors 2 and 6
Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 13

FACTORS
The factors of 12 are:
1 x 12 2x6 3x4 4x3 6x2 12 x 1

12 can be divided evenly by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12:

1 12 = 12 2 6 = 12 3 4 = 12

So 12 is a Composite Number

The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 14

Factors
For example, the product 24 has several factors. 24 = 1 x 24 24 = 2 x 12 24 = 3 x 8 24 = 4 x 6 So, the factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

15

Divisibility rules
A number is divisible by 2 if the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3. A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4. A number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is either 0 or 5. A number is divisible by 10 if the last digit is 0. A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8. A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9. A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by 2 AND it is divisible by 3.
Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 16

Writing facors

The factors of 48 are

1 x 48 2 x 24 3 x 16 4 x 12 6x8
Another way of writing factors is: Write your first pair of factors with a reasonable space between them, then move on to the next pair until you have them all. This way, when you get to the 6,8 pair, you can stop because 7 is not a factor and you already have 8 in your list.
Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 17

Exponential Notation or Index Notation

4cm x 3cm= 12 cm square When a number is multiplied by itself several times, we express the product in the given form: 3x3=32 = three raised to the power 2 4 x 4 x4 x 4 x 4= 4 5= 4 raised to the power 5 8 7= 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 2 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 4 = (2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3) =23 x 42
Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 18

Exercise 1
1) a) b) c) d) e) 1) a) b) Write in the exponential form. 5 x 5 x 5= 10 x 10 x 10 x 10= 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6= 2 x 2 x 3 x 3= 8x8x8x4x4x4x4 Write in the product form. 87= 6 3 x 11 4 =
Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 19

Factorization & Exponents

60

60=1x60 60=2x30 60=3x20 60=4x15 60=5x12 60=6x10

30

15

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

20

Factorization & Prime Factorization

The factor pairs for 60 are 60=1x60 60=2x30 60=3x20 60=4x15 60=5x12 60=6x10
60
Composite number

30 Composite number 3 10

60 is written as the product of its prime factors 60 = 2 x2 x 3 x 5

FACTOR TREE
60=4x15 =2x2 x3 x5
4 2 2 3 5 60

15

Prime factorization through short division

The prime factors of 60 are

2 60 2 30 3 15 5 5
1

2x2x3x5
2, 3, and 5 are all prime numbers, so we have prime factored 60. All we have to do now is neaten our answer up a bit. It is customary to write prime factorizations in increasing order, that is with the smallest numbers first.

Prime Factorization
Now let us try another example: 910

So the prime factorization of 910 is 2x5x7x13

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 24

Least common Multiple-LCM

A cold drink truck visits Rita's neighbourhood every 4 days and Amul ice cream truck visits her neighborhood every 5 days. For the month of June on which day will both the trucks visit on the same day?
1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28
25

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF

Least common Multiple-LCM

In the given problem we have to first find the multiples of both the numbers. Cross out the multiples that are common. (20 and 40) Which multiple is the least-20 Both the trucks will visit the neighbour hood on 20 June or after 20 days.

Truck 1 2

Days of visit 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44,... 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55,...
Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 26

Exercise -Find the LCM of 18 and 24.

Multiples of 18 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126, 144, Multiples of 24 24, 48, 72, 96, 120,144, .

Common multiples of 18 and 24 are 72 and 144 The least common multiple of 18 and 24 is 72. LCM = 72

Highest Common Factor-HCF

Find the HCF of 60 and 72

60 ,72 15 ,18 5 ,6

60 ,72

2 30 ,36 3

2 30 ,36 3 15 ,18 5 ,6

The common factors of 60 and 72 are 2 x 2 x 3 The HCF of 60 and 72 = 2x2x3=12

Uncommon factors

HCF by prime factorization

Factors of 60 Factors of 72

LCM of 60 and 72
To find the LCM of 60 and 72 we multiply all the factors. 2x2 x3x5x6 = 336 So the HCF of 60 and 72 is 12 and LCM is 336
2 60 ,72

2 30 ,36 3 15 ,18 5 ,6

Find the HCF of 56 and 48

Prime Factor Tree for 56 Prime Factor Tree for 48

56 2 2 2 28 14 7 2

48 24 2 2 2 12 6 3

56 is all the prime numbers 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 multiplied together

48 is the prime numbers 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x3 multiplied together

Finding the Highest Common Factor

56 2 2 2 28 14 7 2
x

48 2 2
x

24 12 2 6 2 3

2 2 8

Look for common factors in both trees Multiply them together =

8 is the biggest number that goes into both 56 and 48 So it is the Highest Common Factor

HCF through Prime Factorization

The prime factors of : 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 The prime numbers that are common are: 2x2x 2= 8 So the HCF of 56 and 48 is 8

HCF & LCM as a diagram

Write the common prime factors of both 504 and 700 here . The HCF =2X 2 X 7=28 504 504 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7 700 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 x 7

2 3 3 2 2 7 5 5

700

Write the other PRIME FACTORS of 700 in the 700 circle

Write the other PRIME FACTORS of 504 in the 504 circle The LCM is found by multiplying all the numbers from the circles

The four different ways to find the HCF

504

2 3 3 2 2 7 5 5

700

60 ,72

2 30 ,36 3 15 ,18 5 ,6

56 The prime factors of : 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 The prime numbers that are common are: 2x2x 2= 8 So the HCF of 56 and 48 is 8 2 2 2 28 14 7

48 2
2 24 2 12 2 2 6 3

x 2 x 2