Physics 102: Lecture 17

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Todays Lecture will cover textbook sections 23.3, 8

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 1

Overview
Last Time

Reflection: i= Flat Mirror: r

Next time Today

image equidistant behind Spherical Mirrors: Concave or Convex

Refraction: n1 sin( 1)= n2 Flat Lens: 2) sin(

n1 n2
2

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 2

Absorption

Window Spherical Lenses: Concave or Convex

Concave Mirror Principal 1) Parallel to principal axis reflects through f. Rays

2) Through f, reflects parallel to principal axis. 3) Through center. O
#3 #1 #2

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 3

Image is (in this case): Real or Imaginary Inverted or Upright Reduced or Enlarged **Every other ray from object tip which hits mirror will reflect through image tip

Preflight 17.1 is NOT correct? Which ray

p.a.

1) 2) 3)
Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 4

Mirror Equation
1 1 1 + = do di f
do = distance object is from mirror:
Positive: object _______ of mirror Negative: object _______ mirror

do O f c I di

di = distance image is from mirror:

Positive: _______ image (__________ of mirror) Negative: _______ image (__________ mirror) Positive:
Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 5

f = focal length mirror:

_________ mirror

Negative: _________ mirror (coming soon)

Preflight 17.3
The image produced by a concave mirror of a real object is:
1) Always Real 2) Always Virtual 3) Sometimes Real, Sometimes Virtual

ACT: Concave Mirror

Where in front of a concave mirror should you place an object so that the image is virtual?
1) 2) Close to mirror Far from mirror 3) 4) Either close or far Not Possible

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 6

hi m ho

Magnification d Equation = O
i

do

do

ho = height of object:
Positive:

hi = height of image:
Positive: Negative: Angle of incidence

I di

m = magnification:
< 1: > 1:

Positive / Negative: same as for hho i

do d
i

ho hi tan( ) = = hi do di Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 7

Angle of reflection

Solving Equations
A candle is placed 6 cm in front of a concave mirror with focal length f=2 cm. Determine the image location.

Preflight 17.2
Compared to the candle, the image will be: Larger Smaller Same Size
Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 8
p.a. R f

ACT: Magnification
A 4 inch arrow pointing down is placed in front of a mirror that creates an image with a magnification of 2.
What is the size of the image? 1) 2 inches 2) 4 inches 3) 8 inches
4 inches

What direction will the image arrow point? 1) Up

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 9

2) Down

3 Cases for Concave Mirrors

Upright
C

Object

Image

Inside F

Enlarged Virtual Inverted

Image

Obje ct

Between C&F

Enlarged Real Inverted Reduced Real

Obje ct

Past C

Image

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 10

Convex Mirror Rays

1) Parallel to principal axis reflects ______________. 2) Through f, reflects ______________________. 3) Through center. O
#2 #1 #3 Complete the rays!

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 11

Image is: Virtual or Real Upright or Inverted Reduced or Enlarged (always true for convex mirrors!)

Solving Equations
A candle is placed 6 cm in front of a convex mirror with focal length f=-3 cm. Determine the image location.

Determine the magnification of the candle.

If the candle is 9 cm tall, how tall does the image candle appear to be?
Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 12

Preflight 17.4
Where should you place an object in front of a convex mirror to produce a real image?
1) Object close to mirror 2) Object far from mirror 3) Either close or far 4) You cant

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 13

Mirror Summary
Angle of incidence = Angle of Reflection Principal Rays
Parallel to P.A.: Reflects through focus Through focus: Reflects parallel to P.A. Through center: Reflects back on self

|f| = R/2 1 1 1 + = do di f
hi di m = ho do

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 14

Light Doesnt Just Bounce It Also Refracts!

Reflected: Bounces (Mirrors!) i= i r 1 r 1 1
d0 + di = f

Refracted: Bends (Lenses!)

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 15

n1 n2
2

n1 sin( 1)= n2 sin( 2)

Index of Refraction
186,000 miles/second: its not just a good idea, its the law!

c v= n
Speed of light in medium

Speed of light in vacuum

v<c
Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 16

Index of refraction

so
always!

n>1

Snells Law
When light travels from one medium to another the speed changes v=c/n, but the frequency is constant. So the light bends:

n1 sin( 1)= n2 sin( 2)

n1
1

Preflight 17.6
1) n1 > n2 2) n1 = n2 3) n1 < n2

n2

Compare n1 to n2.
Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 17

Snells Law Practice

Usually, there is both reflection and refraction!
A ray of light traveling through the air (n=1) is incident on water (n=1.33). Part of the beam is reflected at an angle r = 60. The other part of the beam is refracted. What is 2? n1 n2
1

normal

n1 sin1 = n2 sin2
2

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 18

Apparent Depth
Apparent depth:

n2 d = d n1

n2 n1 apparent fish d actual fish

50

See you later!

Read Sections 23. 3-5, 9

Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 20