INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FOR GIRLS PROJECT ON OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 1 (BBM 307) LINEAR PROGRAMMING GRAPHICAL METHOD

SUBMITTED TO: MA AM Shweta Kastiya

SUBMITTED BY: Bharti Khichi BBM Sem lll Sec. C ICG/2009/9459

WHAT IS LPP?
 According to Prof. George B.Dantzing, linear programming is a technique which is applicable to those programming problems in which the desired objective as well as the restrictions on the resources give rise to linear functions.

 According to Galton, linear programming is a mathematical device for determining the optimal solution of resources and obtaining a particular objective where there are alternative uses of resources, i.e. Man, material, machinery and money.

TERMINOLOGY USED
 Inequalities- In linear programming the direct relationship between variables is presented in the form of inequalities. The relation should be linear.  Objective Function- The primary objective of a businessman is to get maximum income for which he puts the efforts to maximize the profit or to minimize the cost.  Feasible Solution- The feasible solution finds the best combination of the production for achieving objective function. Feasible solution is what satisfies all restrictions, controls.  Corner Points- Different angles of production possibility curve are known as corner points.

CHARACTERSTICS OF LPP
 There should be a well-defined objective of linear
programming. The main objective of a manufacturer is either to maximize profit or to minimize profit.  To solve the problem of linear programming different course or action could be determined.  The resources should be available in a limited quantity because linear programming is not required if the resources are available in unlimited larger quantity.  The problem of linear programming should be represented in the form of mathematical equations.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LPP

In Industrial Sector- With the help of linear programming the production costs can de minimize and production can be maximized. For ex., a firm manufacturing fans of good quality with cheaper rates can further try to reduce the production cost.  In Trade Sector- In trade sector also the linear programming can be used very widely. For ex., a businessman selling the bottles of squash can estimate the demand of squash at various prices to get the benefit of maximum profit.  In Defence Sector- The linear programming can also be used in defence sector to make an optimal utilization of limited defence resources to get the goal. The army leader can estimate the various constraints on his way for getting the maximum utilization of resources which can be solved accordingly by him.  In Everyday Activities- In our everyday activities, we can use the technique of linear programming like selection of means of conveyance such as scooter, car, bus, train etc.; we can use the best possible utilization of available resources on the basis of linear programming.


STEPS OF GRAPHICAL METHOD

 Step 1: Formulate LPP.  Step ll : Convert inequalities into equality.  Step lll : Calculate corner points of all the equations. max Z : 2000x1 + 3000x2 Subject to: Step 2: 2x1 + 5x2 < 180 2x1 + 2x2 = 180 3x1 + 3x2 < 135 3x1 + 3x2 = 135

cont .

 Step 3:

a.

2x1 + 5x2 = 180 (0,36) (90,0)

x1 x2 0 36 90 0

b. 3x1 + 3x2 = 135 (0,45) (45,0)

x1 x2 0 45 45 0

Y 90
80 70 60 50 40 (0,36) 30 20 10 (0,45) 2x1 + 5x2 < 180 B (15,30) 3x1 + 3x2 < 135

(45,0) D 10 20 30 40 C 50 60 70 80

(90,0) X 90

 Step 5: Find out feasible region of all the constraints.

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 Step 6: Find out the value of

A (0,36) B (90,0) C (45,0) D (0,0)

intersection point of common feasible regions by using simultaneous equation method. (2x1 + 5x2 = 180) * 3 (3x1 + 3x2 = 35) * 2 6x1 + 5x2 = 540 6x1 + 6x2 = 270 9x2 = 270 x2 = 270 = 30 9

 Step 7: Calculate the profit or the cost on all the corner points. max Z: 2000x1 + 3000x2

A (0,36) = 2000 * 0 + 3000 * 36 = 1,08,000/B (15,30) = 2000 * 15 + 30000 * 30 = 1,20,000/C (45,0) = 2000 * 45 + 3000 * 0 = 90,000/D (0,0) = 0

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THANK YOU