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Studying Real User Activity Patterns to Guide Power Optimizations for Mobile Architectures
Alex Shye Ben Scholbrock Gokhan Memik
Northwestern University, EECS
Empathic Systems Project
12/14/200 9
ENIAC
1946
Apple II
Today
1977
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Implications Power optimization is important The user drives IBM Thinkpad 700 execution
1992
2
IBM System/360
1964
Summary
Observation: For mobile architectures, the user is the workload Claim: Computer architects should study user activity to: (1) Characterize power consumption (2) Guide the development of power optimizations
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Summary
Observation: For mobile architectures, the user is the workload Claim: Computer architects should study user activity to: (1) Characterize power consumption
Log the activity of real users using the Android G1 Develop an accurate power model for the Android G1 Power consumption varies across users The screen and CPU consume the most power
[Google ADP1]
How do we proceed with power optimizations? Which components consume the most power?
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Getting Users Released NU JamLogger on Android Market Advertised at Northwestern University, University of Michigan, and online (Slashdot, online Android forums, etc) 20 users, ~250 days of cumulative user activity
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Jam Logs
EDGE
edge_traffic
Wifi
Power Measurements
Time-based Traces
Linear Regression
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Power Model
Idle
Usage Scenarios
Built power model with one ADP1, validated on a separate ADP1 6.6% median error per sample < .1% error summed across all samples (total energy)
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Screen
Estimated power closely tracks real-time measurements Can sum parameters to derive a power breakdown
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There exists a significant variation in users Idle is very important, consuming 49.3% of total energy
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Ignoring Idle time, the screen and CPU are most power hungry
Screen: 35.5% (19.2% from brightness) CPU: 12.7%
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We develop a power optimization strategy that leverages change blindness to target the screen and CPU
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Change Blindness
The inability to distinguish changes in a stimulus
[Simons 99]
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Ramp Optimizations
Can change blindness be applied for power optimization? We target the screen and CPU for optimization:
Screen Ramp: slowly dim brightness
Decreases brightness by 7 units (max 255) until 60% of starting brightness
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Power Savings
Simulate optimizations on real user traces CPU Ramp saves 4.9% system power (22.8% of CPU power) Screen Ramp saves 5.7% system power (19.1% of screen power) Ramp optimizations outperform Drop optimizations
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Ask for verbal satisfaction rating from 1 (low) 5 (high) At end of study, debrief user, and discuss acceptance of optimizations
Results
No significant difference in user satisfaction when compared to control (using paired t-test) except for small changes in:
All optimizations with the Game Screen Drop with Video
Users mostly rated based upon feeling of jumpiness/jitter Works well for screen; most users couldnt tell screen was changing 15 users would use some of optimizations, 4 would not, 1 apathetic
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Conclusion
We study real users on real devices in real environments Develop and user power model to characterize power consumption
Show that power consumption does vary across users When active, the screen and CPU consume the most power
Thank You!
Questions?
ESP: Empathic Systems Project http://www.empathicsystems.org NU JamLogger: Available on Android Market http://www.ece.northwestern.edu/microarchitecture/jamlogger/
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