Definition

Complete

denture: a removable dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures of the maxillae or mandible base : The part of denture that rests on the foundation tissue and to which teeth are attached. base material: Any substance of which denture base is made .
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Denture

Denture
G l ssa ry o f Pro sth o d o n ti Te rm s 8 , o c

Denture Resin - Requisites

Biologic considerations Tasteless , odorless, nontoxic ,non irritating Insoluble in saliva Impermeable to oral fluids Physical properties Adequate strength and resilience dimensionally stable specific gravity should be low when used as a maxillary denture base High modulus of elasticity- greater rigidity even in thin sections High proportional limit-decreased permanent deformation High impact strength-denture will not break if dropped High fatigue strength Hard with good abrasion resistance-less wear but will take and retain high polish Thermal expansion should match tooth material

Denture Resin Requisites Continued

o o o

High thermal conductivity Softening temperature should be higher Aesthetic properties

sufficient translucency capable of being tinted or pigmented no change in color or appearance of the material after fabrication no dust or toxic fumes easy to mix, insert ,shape and cure saliva and blood contamination should not affect final out come easy to polish and repair Should be radio opaque Low cost Less complex and expensive equipment Should be easy to clean

Handling characteristics
o o o o o o o o

Economic considerations

Increased need for Prosthetic Treatments

Change
60

in Demographics...

% population over 50

50 40 30 20

1941

1982

2025

2050

History

Disadvantages of old materials used to construct dentures.

Material Cellulose products Disadvantages Warpage, bad taste, blisters staining (leaking camphor), and loss of color

Phenol formaldehyde Loss of color, difficult to process Vinyl resins Vulcanite Low fracture resistance Inferior esthetics

caused Acrylics to become most popular Denture Base material since1940s (polymethyl methacrylate) Acrylic resin
PMMA Desirable qualities nowadays- :
reasons why it is used

Good esthetics Cheap Easy to process & use

Disadvantages:

low impact strength (denture fall accidentally and it is

broken easily)

Susceptible to distortion with time Low thermal conductivity leads to the pt frequently
burning the mucosa as they not actually feeling the heat immediately.

Radiolucent if by a chance, part of it broken or pt is

wearing a small partial denture & swallows it, you cant see it in radiographs, so you dont know if it went to the 7

Classification
ADA

Specification # 12 (ISO1567) for Denture Base Resins Type 1: Heat Polymerizable polymers
Class 1 : Powder Liquid Class II : Plastic Cake

Type II : Auto Polymerizable polymers

Class 1 : Powder Liquid Class II : Powder Liquid Pour Type Resins

Type III : Thermo plastic Type IV : Light Activated Materials Type V : Microwave Activated Materials

Craig's Restorative Dental Materials, 12th Edition, 2006

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Limits for Requirements of a Denture Polymer (ANSI/ADA Specification # 12 (ISO1567) Requirement Flexural Flexural Residual Water Solubility in
HeatPolymerizable Autopolymers, Polymerizable Thermoplastic polymerspowder, blank or light-activated Polymers, Microwave cured polymers Strength 65 (MPa) Minimum 60 Modulus 2.0 (GPa) Minimum 1.5 Methacrylate 2.2 Monomer (% mass fraction) 4.5 Maximum Sorption 32 (g/mm3) Maximum 32 Water 1.6 (g/mm3) Maximum 8.0

Craig's Restorative Dental Materials, 12th Edition, 2006

Denture base plastics covered by ADA specifications

Acrylic Acetal Carbonate Dimethacrylate acid ester Styrene Sulfone Vinyl polymers

Composition
Powder

Acrylic Polymer Initiator : BenzoilPeroxide 0.5% to 1.5% Pigments: Cadmium Sulfide, Cadmium Selenide, Mercuric Sulfide Opacifiers: Zinc or Titanium Oxide Dyed Syntheitc fibres Plasticizers : Di Butyl Phthalate Inorganic particles: Zirconium Silicate, Glass fibres Liquid Monomer: Methyl Methacrylate Inhibitor: Hydro Quinone 0.003% to 0.1% Accelerator: Tertiary Amines (in Cold Cured Resins)

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Composition Continued
Pour

Type Acrylics Chemical Composition same as Auto Polymerizable Resins Principal Difference is in the size of polymer powder Light Activated Resins Premixed sheets having clay like consistency Urethane Di Methacrylate matrix with Acrylic co-polymer Micro-phine silica fillers a photo initiated system 12 Polymerized with blue light of 400 to 500

Composition Continued

Denture

base plastics such as vinyl acrylics are supplied in a gel form Composition same as that of powder liquid forms Chemical accelerators cannot be used in a gel form since initiator, accelerator and monomer would be in intimate contact Storage temperature & amount of inhibitor influence the shelf life 2 yrs in a refrigerator

Composition Continued

Plasticizers are the substances added to the resins for the following needs. To increase the solubility of the polymer in the monomer. To decrease the brittleness of the polymer. However, it also decreases strength, hardness and softening point.

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References

www.rxdentistry.blogspot.com Craig's Restorative Dental Materials, 12th Edition, 2006 Philips Science of Dental Materials, 11th Edition, 2004

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THANK YOU

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