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Objectives
Know the development of 3G Outline the advantage of CDMA principle Characterize code sequence Outline the fundamentals of RAN Describe feature of wireless propagation
Page2
Contents
1. 3G Overview 2. CDMA Principle 3. WCDMA Fundamental
Page3
Contents
1. 3G Overview 2. CDMA Principle 3. WCDMA Fundamental
Page4
2G 1990s Digital
GSM
Technologies drive
3G IMT-2000
UMTS WCDMA
Demands drive
2G 1990s Digital
GSM
Technologies drive
3G IMT-2000
UMTS WCDMA
Demands drive
3G Evolution
Proposal of 3G
The third generation mobile communication was first proposed in 1985 and was renamed as IMT-2000 in the year of 1996
Commercialization: around the year of 2000 Work band : around 2000MHz The highest service rate :up to 2000Kbps
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3G Spectrum Allocation
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Main bands
1920 ~ 1980MHz / 2110 ~ 2170MHz 1850 ~ 1910 MHz / 1930 MHz ~ 1990 MHz (USA) 1710 ~ 1785MHz / 1805 ~ 1880MHz (Japan) 890 ~ 915MHz / 935 ~ 960MHz (Australia)
UL frequency channel number 9612 9888 DL frequency channel number : 10562 10838
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3G Application Service
BER
conversational
streaming
interactive
background
Time Delay
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10
cdma2000
CN: based on ANSI 41 and MIP RTT: cdma2000
CDMA
TD-SCDMA
CN: based on MAP RTT: TD-SCDMA
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IMS HSDPA
3GPP Rel6
3GPP Rel5
3GPP Rel99
3GPP Rel4
2000
2001
2002
2005
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UTRAN
Iub Node B
Iub Node B
Uu
UE
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13
The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are logically independent of each other.
Radio Network Layer Control Plane Application Protocol
Transport Network User Plane Transport Network Control Plane
Data Bearer(s)
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Contents
1. 3G Overview 2. CDMA Principle 3. WCDMA Fundamental
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Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) Time division multiple access (TDMA) Code division multiple access (CDMA)
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power
cy en qu fre
power
y nc ue q
tim
CDMA
tim e
fre
power
time
n freque
cy
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Duplex Technology
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Duplex Technology
Power Time
USER 2
FDD
UL
USER 1
DL
Frequency
Power
Time
DL UL DL DL UL
USER 2 USER 1
TDD
Frequency
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Contents
1. 3G Overview 2. CDMA Principle 3. WCDMA Fundamental
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bit
symbo l
chip
modulated signal
Radio Channel
Servic e Signal
Source Decodin g
Channel Decodin g
Despreadi ng
Demodulati on
Reception
Receiver
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Process Gain
Process Gain
Process gain differs for each service. If the service bit rate is greater, the process gain is smaller, UE needs more power for this service, then the coverage of this service will be smaller, vice versa.
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CODEC
The AMR bit rates can be controlled by the RAN depending on the system load and quality of the speech connections.
AMR_10.20 10.2
AMR_7.95 7.95
Includes: video codec, speech codec, data protocols, multiplexing and etc.
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Effect
Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when interference occurs Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay
Types
WCDMA Interleaving
Effect
Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay
000101001011
Inter-column permutation
Output bits
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Correlation
Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals. Identical and Orthogonal signals:
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1
C1 C2
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1
C1 C2
+1 -1 +1 +1 -1
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C1 : 1 1 C2 : 1 1 UE1c1 1 1 UE2c2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1
0 2
4 (means 1) 4
f Narrowband signal
f Broadband signal
Signal Combination
Spreading code
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Ebit
Eb/No Requirem ent
Processing Gain
Echip
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Spreading Technology
Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal
Data bit
OVSF code
Scrambling code
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Cch,1,0 = (1)
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
SF = 8
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High data rates low SF code Low data rates high SF code
Radio bearer Speech 4.75 UL SF Radio bearer SF 256
Speech 12.2 UL Data 64 kbps UL Data 128 kbps UL Data 144 kbps UL Data 384 kbps UL
64 Speech 12.2 DL 16 Data 64 kbps DL 8 Data 128 kbps DL 8 Data 144 kbps DL 4 Data 384 kbps DL
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128 32 16 16 8
For downlink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is used to separate different physical channels of one cell
For uplink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is used to separate different physical channels of one UE
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Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence. There are 224 long uplink scrambling codes which are used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher layers.
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512 sets
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are included in a set.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page37
Group 1 Group 63
Code Multiplexing
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Code Multiplexing
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Modulation Overview
Data to be transmitted: Digital Input
0
time
Basic steady radio wave: carrier = A.cos(2 Ft+ ) Amplitude Shift Keying: A.cos(2 Ft+ ) Frequency Shift Keying: A.cos(2 Ft+ ) Phase Shift Keying: A.cos(2 Ft+ )
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page41
Modulation Overview
1
Digital Input
10
Information signal
t
NRZ coding
1 -1
Carrier
fo
10
BPSK Waveform
=0 = =0
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Modulation Overview
I Component Q Component
QPSK Waveform 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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10
Modulation Overview
A NRZ coding Acos( ot) I(t)
fo
90o
QPSK
NRZ coding A
Q S :A 2 co + ) PK s( o
1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 /4 7 /4 3 /4 5 /4
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Demodulation
QPSK Waveform
1,1
-1,1
NRZ Output
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
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WCDMA Modulation
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Wireless Propagation
Transmitted Signal
Amplitude
Received Signal
Time
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Signal at Transmitter
dBm
Signal at Receiver
dB
Fading
Fading Categories
Fading Categories
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Diversity Technique
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Diversity
Time diversity
Frequency diversity
Space diversity
Polarization diversity
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RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance the receive performance of the system
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page52
Summary
Spreading / Despreading principle UTRAN Voice Coding UTRAN Channel Coding UTRAN Spreading Code UTRAN Scrambling Code UTRAN Modulation UTRAN Transmission/Receiving
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Thank you
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