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Logarithmic Functions
By: Hendrik Pical to Revition Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
By Hendry P 2011
y = 3x y = 2x
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
By Hendry P 2011
y=
5x
y = 3x y = 2x
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
By Hendry P 2011
y= y = 10x
5x
Determine where each of the following would lie? y=10x y=4x y = (3/2)x
y = 3x y = 4x y = 2x y = (3/2)x
y = 1x
By Hendry P 2011
By Hendry P 2011
f(x) = 2x
By Hendry P 2011
f(x) = 2x-3
By Hendry P 2011
f(x) = 2x+2 3
By Hendry P 2011
f(x) = -(2)x-4 2
By Hendry P 2011
Compound Interest
You deposit $5000 into an account that pays 4.5 % interest. What is the balance of the account after 10 years if the interest is compounded quarterly?
A ! P 1
P = Principal = $5000 r = rate of interest = .045
r nt n
Compound Interest
You deposit $5000 into an account that pays 4.5 % interest. What is the balance of the account after 10 years if the interest is compounded quarterly?
A ! P 1
A = unknown P = $5000 r = .045 n=4 t = 10
By Hendry P 2011
r nt n 0.045 410 4
A ! 5000 1 A ! $ 7821.88
Compound Interest
You deposit $5000 into an account that pays 4.5 % interest. What is the balance of the account after 10 years if the interest is compounded quarterly? weekly? r nt n 0.045 5210 A = unknown 52
A ! P 1
A ! 5000 1
A ! $ 7840.04
By Hendry P 2011
By Hendry P 2011
With your Graphing Calculator graph each of the following y = (1/2)x y = (1/3)x y = 1x
Determine what is happening when the base is changing in each of these graphs.
By Hendry P 2011
y = (1/3)x y = ()x
y = 5x y = 3x y = 2x
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
y = ()x y = (1/3)x
4 2 1 1/8
By Hendry P 2011
By Hendry P 2011
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
By Hendry P 2011
By Hendry P 2011
A new Number
g
e!
1 n!
1 1 1 1 1 1 e ! 0! 1! 2! 3! 4! 5!
1 1 1 1 1 1 e! 1 1 2 6 24 120
We could use a spreadsheet to determine an approximation.
By Hendry P 2011
A new Number
g
e!
1 n!
} 2.718
By Hendry P 2011
y = 3x
Graph y = ex
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 y = 2x y = 3x 1 2 4 8 1/9 1/3 1 3 9 27
y = ex
y = 2x
By Hendry P 2011
Graph: y = ex+2
x+2=0 x = -2
y = ex+2
y = ex
By Hendry P 2011
Compound Interest-continuously
You deposit $5000 into an account that pays 4.5 % interest. What is the balance of the account after 10 years if the interest is compounded continuously?
A ! Pe
P = Principal = $5000 r = rate of interest = .045
rt
Compound Interest-continuously
You deposit $5000 into an account that pays 4.5 % interest. What is the balance of the account after 10 years if the interest is compounded continuously?
rt
Bacteria Growth
You have 150 bacteria in a dish. It the constant of growth is 1.567 when t is measured in hours. How many bacteria will you have in 7 hours?
y ! ne
kt
y = Final amount = unknown n = initial amount = 150 k = constant of growth = 1.567 t = time = 7
By Hendry P 2011
Bacteria Growth
You have 150 bacteria in a dish. It the constant of growth is 1.567 when t is measured in hours. How many bacteria will you have in 7 hours?
kt
By Hendry P 2011
y=
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x 2
y 1/4 1 2 4 8
x=
x 1/4 1 2 4 8
y 2
y -2 -1 0 1 2 3
By Hendry P 2011
y = 2x
x = 2y
How do we solve this exponential equation for the variable y?
By Hendry P 2011
LOGARITHMS
exponential logarithmic
b !A
log b ( A) ! m
b>0 A>0
By Hendry P 2011
exponential
logarithmic
b !A 3 ! 9 5 ! 125 2 !
3
1 8
1 5 2
! 32
y
log 2 ( x) ! y
Evaluate
log 5 (25) ! u
5 ! 25 5 !5
u 2
u!2
log 5 (25) ! 2
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
log 3 (81) ! u
3 ! 81 3 !3
u 4
u!4
log 3 (81) ! 4
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
1 log 2 32
! u
2 !
u
u
1 32
1 25
2 !
u
2 !2 u
By Hendry P 2011
5
5
1 log 2 32 ! 5
Evaluate
log 7 (7) ! u
7 !7
u
7 !7
u !1
log 7 (7) ! 1
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
log 8 (1) ! u
8 !1 8 !8
u 0
u!0
log 8 (1) ! 0
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
log n (n ) ! u
5
n !n
u!5
log n (n ) ! 5
5
By Hendry P 2011
y=
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x 2
y 1/4 1 2 4 8
y=log2x
x 1/4 1 2 4 8 y -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x=
y 2
By Hendry P 2011
x = 2y
x 1/4 1 2 4 8
y = log2x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
By Hendry P 2011
x = ()y
x 1/4 1 2 4 8
y = logx
2 1 0 -1 -2 -3
y = logx
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log2(x+5) = 4 24 = x + 5 16 = x + 5 11 = x
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
logx(32) = 5 x5 = 32 x5 = 25 x = 2
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
log3(25) = u 3u = 25 3u = 52 ??????
By Hendry P 2011
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
log3(25)
log10 25 ! log10 3
= 2.930
By Hendry P 2011
Evaluate
log10 568 log5(568) ! log 5 10
= 3.941
By Hendry P 2011
Properties of Logarithms
Product Property Quotient Property Power Property Property of Equality
By Hendry P 2011
Product Property
a a ! a
multiplication
m n
addition
addition
Product Property
log 2 (16 4) ! log 2 (16) log 2 (4) log 2 (2 2 ) ! log 2 (2 ) log 2 (2 ) log 2 (2 ) ! 6
By Hendry P 2011
6
Quotient Property
division
a mn !a n a
subtraction
m b n
subtraction
Quotient Property
log
log 2 (2 ) ! 3
By Hendry P 2011
3
Power Property
a
! a
m n
mn
Power Property
log 2 2
! 7 log (2)
7 2
7 ! 7!
7 1 7
By Hendry P 2011
Property of Equality
if
log b ( A) ! log b (C )
then
A!C
By Hendry P 2011
Expand
log 5 ( x y )
product property power property
3 2
By Hendry P 2011
Expand
log 5
quotient property product property power property
x5 y 3 z4 5 3 4 5 3 4
By Hendry P 2011
Expand
log
quotient property product property distributive property power property
By Hendry P 2011
x7 5 y2 z5
7 2 5 7
Condense
5 log 3 x 6 log 3 y 2 log 3 z
power property product property quotient property
log 3 y x
5
log
log 3
x5 y 6 z2
By Hendry P 2011
Condense
1 2
4 4
1 2
1 2
2 4
x y2z4
quotient property
By Hendry P 2011
! log10
Condense
3 log e x 2 log e y 5 log e z 4 log e w
Power property re-organize group
log
x log e z
e
log
x3 z5 e y 2 w4
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log 3 3 x 9
! log 3 x 3
Property of Equality
3x 9 ! x 3
2 x ! 12 x ! 6
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log 3 3 x 9
! log 3 x 3
check
x ! 6
Solve for x
log 3 3 x 9
! log 3 x 3
3x 9 ! x 3
2 x ! 12 x ! 6
_6 a
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for n
log 4 7
log 4 n 2
! log 4 6n
Condense left side
Property of Equality
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for n
log 4 7
log 4 n 2
! log 4 6n
check
n ! 14
Solve for n
log 4 7
log 4 n 2
! log 4 6n
_14 a
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log 2 x 1
log 2 x 1
! 3
Condense left side Convert to exponential form
log 2 ( x 1)( x 1)
! 3
2 ! ( x 1)( x 1)
3
8 ! x 1 9 ! x s3 ! x
2
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log 2 x 1
log 2 x 1
! 3
3 3
Solve for x
log 2 x 1
log 2 x 1
! 3
log 2 ( x 1)( x 1)
! 3
2 ! ( x 1)( x 1)
3
8 ! x 1 9 ! x s3 ! x
By Hendry P 2011
_3 a
Solve for x
log 3 x 3
! 2 x
2
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log 3 x 3
! 2 x
2
check x
3
check x ! 2
! 2 log 3 (2) 2 2 3
! 2
log 3 9 3 3
! 2 log 3 9
! 2 2 ! 2
checks!
By Hendry P 2011
log 3 4 2 3
! 2 log 3 9
! 2 2 ! 2
checks!
Solve for x
log 3 x 3
! 2 x
2
_
By Hendry P 2011
, 2a
3x log(5) 7 log(5) ! log(19) 3 x log(5) ! log(19) 7 log(5) 3 log(5) 3 log(5) log(19 ) 7 log( 5)
x! 3 log( 5 )
By Hendry P 2011
x ! 2.943
Solve for x
log 5
! log7
4x 2
x!
2 log( 7 ) 4 log( 5 )
x ! 0.605
By Hendry P 2011
Solve for x
log 11
2 x 1
! log9
5x
(2 x 1) log(11) ! (5 x) log(9)
x!
By Hendry P 2011
x ! 0.387
Solve for x
log 3
x2
! log5
x 1
( x 2) log(3) ! ( x 1) log(5)
x ! 1.151
Solve for x
log 7
3x2
! log3
9 x 8
(3 x 2) log(7) ! (9 x 8) log(3)
x ! 1.209
Solve for x
ln 15
! ln e
3 x2
ln(15) ! (3 x 2) ln(e) 1
ln(15) ! 3 x 2
ln(15) 2 ! 3 x
ln(15 ) 2 3
! x
1.569 ! x
By Hendry P 2011
! lne
5 x6
1 ln( 7 ) ! (5 x 6) ln(e) 3
ln( 7 ) ! 5 x 6 3
ln( 7 ) 6 ! 5 x 3
ln( 7 ) 6 3 5
By Hendry P 2011
! x
1.031 ! x
Solve for x 3 x 1 5 ! 7 2
log
5 7
! log2
3 x 1
log( 5 ) ! (3 x 1) log(2) 7
5 log( 7 ) ! 3 x log(2) 1 log(2)
3 log( 2 )
By Hendry P 2011
! x
0.172 ! x