CH 3 ENERGY AND POWER IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Differentiate between hydraulic energy and hydraulic power. Define the term efficiency Desribe the operation of and air-to-hydraulic pressure booster. Explain the conservation of energy law Calculate fluid flow rates and velocities using the continuity equation Evaluate the power delivered by a hydraulic cylinder Determine the speed of a hydraulic cylinder Describe the differences between potential energy, pressure energy and Kinetic Energy 9. Describe the operation of a hydraulic jack 10. Apply Bernoullis equation to determine energy transfer within a hydraulic system. 11. Understand the meaning of the terms elevation head, pressure head velocity head. 12. Differentiate between the terms pump head, motor head and head loss.

NEWTONS SECOND LAW

This is when you REALLY want to say f**k Newton and his second law.

Zero acceleration

Constant positive acceleration with zero initial velocity

Increasing acceleration

Decreasing acceleration

PRACTICE A car travels 35 miles in 45 minutes. What is its average velocity in miles per hour?

v = S/ T = 35 MILES/43 MINUTES = .814 MILES /MIN .814 (MILES/MIN)(60MIN/HOUR) = 48.8 MPH

PRACTICE An angry driver, after being cut off at the last intersection, pulls up next to the offender at a stoplight. He gets out of his car with a 5 lb tire iron and proceeds to bash on the roof of the guys car with an acceleration of 50 ft/sec2. What force is imparted to the car with each blow?

W=mg m = W/g = 5 lb/32.2 ft/sec*2 = .155 slugs F=ma = .155 slugs x 50 ft/sec*2 = 7.76 lbs

DEFINITION OF : 1 HORSEPOWER

PRACTICE

The engine on your new hot rod is finally broken in. You take it to a shop to be dyno tested. The dyno report states that your motor generates 247,000 ftlb/sec. If 4 girls = 1 Hp, how many Gp is that?

Hp = 247,000/550 = 449 Hp Gp = 4girls/Hp (449 Hp) = 1,796 Gp

PRACTICE
The dimwit who installed the lug nuts on you girlfriends car after the last tire rotation used an air impact jacked up to apply 300 ft-lb of Torque on the lug nuts. She has a flat and calls you screaming that she cant get her tire off using the 2 ft long tire iron in her trunk. Youre girlfriends pretty scrawny and can only generate 70 lbs force. You remember that you left a 5 foot long cheater bar in her trunk. Can she get her tire off using that?

T = FR

T = 70 lb x 5 ft = 350 ft -lb

which means, you dont have to quit what you were doin and go get her.

PASCALS LAW

P=F A

PRACTICE

In a garage, a car lift is used, compressed air exerts a force on a small piston with diameter of 5 in. This pressure is transmitted to a second piston of diameter 15 in. What force must the compressed air exert in order to lift the a car weighing 4,000 lb? What Air pressure will produce this force?

F1 = (A1/A2) x F2 = (2.52) x 4,000 lb = 444 lbs (7.52) P1 = F1/A1 = 444 lb/(2.52) = 22.6 psi

PRACTICE

HAND OPERATED JACK

AIR-to-HYDRAULIC BOOSTER

P A =P A
AIR AIR OIL

OIL

P A = p A
oil air

air oil

AIR TO HYDRAULIC BOOSTER SYSTEM

POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO ELEVATION

POTENTIAL ENERGY UNLEASHED

POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO PRESSURE

Pressure used badly

KINETIC ENERGY

Wile E Coyote teaches physics

CONTINUITY

Moving volume

PRACTICE EXERCISE

Load

0 psig

pump

water zooka

WHY DO AIRPLANES FLY?

BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE

TANKER IMPLOSION

UNEDITED TANKER IMPLOSION

substituting for P P = H we can derive this

write down the basic Bernoulli equation

TORRICELLIS THEOREM

v2=

ENERGY, POWER AND FLOW RATE IN THE SI SYSTEM In the English system: Energy (work) = F x S = lb x ft = lb-ft Power = Work/t = (lb-ft)/s from there, we created a derived unit called Horsepower 1HP = 33,000 (ft -lbs )/min 1HP = 550 (ft-lbs)/s In the SI Metric system: Energy (work) = F x S = 1N x 1m = 1Joule Power = Work/t = 1J/s = 1 Watt In the SI system ALL forms of power are expressed in Watts! 1 Hp = 746 Watts

PUMP HEAD English

SI

FLOW RATE

1 (m3/s) = 15,800 gpm, which is very large

Metric Flow Rates are usually specified in: Liters per second (Lps) Liters per minute (Lpm) 1 liter = .001 m3