M a j o r A d vi s o r Prof. J.D.

Bhatt

Production and Export of Grapes

SPEAKER: Mr. Bijwe Yogesh R. Reg No. J4-00723-2010

M i n o r A d vi s o r Prof. A..D. Kalola

Content Introduction Production trend of grapes Export of grapes Specification for export of grapes Pre and post harvest strategies for export Constraints and solution for export of grapes SWOT analysis Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
 The grapes are rich in sugar and particularly in hexose and are easily digestible.

 According to FAO 71 per cent of world grape production is used for wine, 27 per cent as fresh fruit, and 2 per cent as dried fruits.

 Presently in India about 78 per cent of grape is used for table purpose, nearly 17-20 per cent is dried for raisin production, while 1.5 per cent is used for juice and 0.5 per cent is used in manufacturing wine.
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Conti
 Grapes share 74,23,727 ha area and 679,09,287 MT of fruit production in the world.

 Its contribute 2.8 per cent of the world production of fruits and 2.7 per cent of fruit production in India.

 India has achieved the highest productivity of 23.5 t/ha in the production of grapes.
Source: Indian horticulture database 2009

Conti
Botanical Name Family Origin Major producing states Latest production Area Productivity
Source: http://www.nhb.gov.in

Vitis vinefera Vitiaceae Western Asia and Europe Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu 15.46 lakh tonnes 105000 ha 8.16 tonnes /ha
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ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
At present, grape is the most important fruit crop grown commercially  For table purpose  For making raisins  For making wines and  For export purpose

source: http://www.indiaagronet.com

AGROAGRO-CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT
SOIL CLIMATE : Temperature  Rainfall  Relative Humidity

Source: http://www.biotechpark.org.in

VARIETIES
ON THE BASIS OF COLOUR AND SEEDS
Colour seeded Coloured seedless White seeded White seedless Bangalore blue, Gulabi (Muscat) Beauty Seedless, Sharad Seedless Anab-e-Shahi, Dilkhush. (clone of AnabeShahi) Perlette, Pusa seedless, Thompson Seedless and its clones Tas-A-Ganesh, Sonaka, Manik Chaman. Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore Blue, Beauty Seedless, Bhokri (Pachadrakshi), Thompson Seedless, Arkavati

ON THE BASIS OF S ECIFIC PURPOSE (CONSU PTIONS)

Table grapes Raisins Wines

Bangalore Blue, Thompson Seedless and Arka Kanchan Early Muscat, Beauty Seedless, Champian, Juice Pusa Urvashi, Arka Trishna. Source: http://www.biotechpark.org.in 9

COST OF CULTIVATION OF GRAPES (1 ha)

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Conti
B. Materials 1 2 3 4 Planting Material FYM Biofertiliser Neem Cake Jeevamrut (Mixture of cowdung+cowurine+ pulses powder+black jaggery) Vermiwash Plant protection materials Bower system Sub total of materials 13338 41250 20988 1250 41250 20988 1250 13338 82500 41975 2500

4200

4200

8400

6 7 8

6000 10000 194550 291575

6000 10000 83688

12000 20000 194550 375263 11

Conti
C. Certification cost Certification cost 1250 1250 2500

Total Cost (A+B+C) Rounded off to

331375

103434

434809

331400

103400

434800

Source: http://www.nabard.org

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HARVESTING AND YIELDS

Variety
Anab-e-Shahi

Yield (T/Ha) Average Potential 45 40 30 30 40 25 90 60 50 50 50 50

Period of Harvest
February-May, July, NovemberDecember January-March, June-December NovemberDecember, June-July January-March, June-December June January-April

Bangalore Blue Bhokri Gulabi Perlette Thompson Seedless and other seedless varieties
Source: http//www.fao.org

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MAJOR GRAPE PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD (2008-09) (2008COUNTRY Italy China pain France Turkey Iran rgentina Chile ustralia India outh frica AREA (HA) 770000 438232 379360 1200000 813496 482789 315000 220000 182000 166197 80000 130000 PRODUCTION (MT) 7793301 7284656 6744840 6053000 5664195 3918440 2900000 2900000 2350000 1956790 1878000 1791643 PRODUCTIVIY (MT/HA) 10.1 16.6 17.8 5 7 8.1 9.2 13.2 12.9 11.8 23.5 13.8 14

ource: Indian horticulture database 2009

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

PRODUCTION TREND OF GRAPES IN INDIA

PRODUCTION (IN 000''MT) 1564.7 1474.8 1184.2 1247.8 1649.6 1685 1735

1878

668.2

1991-92 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Source: Indian horticulture database 2009

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EXPORT OF GRAPES FROM INDIA

2008-2009 Country Netherland United kingdom United Arab Emirates Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Others Total Qty in MT. 24,340.98 12,757.61 13,064.35 54,509.29 3,488.84 132,434.37 124,627.98 2009-2010 Value Qty in MT. Rs. lacks 13,448.55 6,597.40 5,650.47 6,274.04 1,627.03 43,495.91 40,861.27 29,074.40 14,359.53 13,205.45 45,656.02 5,098.85 135,939.19 131,153.64 Value Rs. lacks 16,883.63 8,210.77 7,285.65 6,275.73 2,725.91 53,645.61 54,533.86
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Source : http//www.apeda.gov.in

DOMESTIC TOTAL SUPPLY OF FRESH TABLE GRAPES IN INDIA(2009-10) INDIA(2009Mar et Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: http://www.indexmundi.com

Total Supply (MT) 1002078 1008021 1007990 1008576 1008500

Cha ge NA 0.59 % 0.00 % 0.06 % -0.01 %

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FRESH TABLE GRAPES DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION IN INDIA(2009-10) INDIA(2009Market Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: http://www.indexmundi.com

Fresh Domestic Consumption (MT) 928916 889630 898658 878798 879500

Chan e NA -4.23 % 1.01 % -2.21 % 0.08 %

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FRESH TABLE GRAPES EXPORTS BY INDIA(2009-10) INDIA(2009Market Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: http://www.indexmundi.com

Exports (MT) 73162 118391 109332 129778 129000

Chan e NA 61.82 % -7.65 % 18.70 % -0.60 %

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STATE WISE AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPES

2008-09 State 2009-10 Area Production Pdy. Area Production Pdy. (000HA (000 MT) (MT/HA) (000HA) (000 MT) (MT/HA) )

Maharashtra Karnataka Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Punjab Others Total

55.7 14.9 3.1 3 0.8 2.2 79.6

1415 269 91 62.2 22.1 19 1878.3

25.4 18 29.8 21

82 16.1 3.083 3

440 289.3 89.169 62.2 15.473 29.047 925.189

5.366 17.969 28.923 20.733 28.601 5.470 8.644

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0.541 28.4 5.31 8.7 23.6 107.034

Source: http://www.nhb.gov.in

EXPORT SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRAPES

Export specialization
Variety Thompson Seedless Middle East Berry Size: 1 mm

Countries
Holland/ Germany Berry Size: 16mm U.K. Berry Size: 18mm white Berry Size: 18mm black Berry Size: 18mm pink 4. Kg /9kg 0-1 C

Colour: amber Colour: white/amber Sharad Seedless Berry Size: 1 mm black Flame Seedless --------Packing Storage Temp. 1 Kg 0-1 C Berry Size: 16mm black Berry Size: 16mm Pink 4. Kg /9 kg 0-1 C

Source: Indian horticulture database 2009

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PRACTICES FOLLOWED FOR EXORT OF GRAPES

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PREPRE-HARVEST STRATEGIES FOR EXPORT MARKET

 Keep the orchard clean.  Avoid intercropping in orchard.  Regular prunning, and fruit thinning must be done.  The pesticides which have been banned by the WHO/FAO/ WTO, should never be used.

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Conti
 Use of biofertilizer, biopesticides should be preferred over inorganic fertilizer, fungicides and pesticides.  Harvesting should be done only at the appropriate maturity stage of the grapes depending upon the purpose of fresh consumption and processing.

Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

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POSTPOST-HARVEST STRATEGIES FOR EXPORT MARKET

 After harvesting of grapes it should be handle with care.  After harvesting of the grapes it is transported to packing house. In packing house various operations are carried out.

Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

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1. PACK HOUSE
 Pack house must be clean.  Protective clothing must be worn in the pack house.  Rest areas for workers should be away from pack house.  Pack house to be solid construction.

Source: http://www.nabard.org

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2. PRE-COOLING PRE Pre-cooling is aimed at reducing the field heat.  The temperature of harvest grapes has to be brought down to less than 4C within six hours of harvest.

Source: http://www.nabard.org

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3. DISINFECTION TREATMENTS

Sulphur fumi ation :For colour retention, prevention of browning, killing fungi Botryodiplodia, preventing rind brittleness.

Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

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4. GRADING STANDARD
Class Extra class Class I Class II Class III
Source: http://www.nabard.org

Wei ht in ram 150-300 100-250 75-150 < 75

Deviation Tolerance 5% 10% 5-10% 15%

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5. PACKAGING
 The arrangement of boxes in the cold storage to ensure uniform cooling of all berries in a box.  The carton size should be:-

Market Carton size 400 mm x 300 mm x 125 mm 600 mm x 300 mm x125 mm

Europe Net weight 4.50 Kg.

Dubai Net weight 2 kg / box

8.25 Kg
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Conti
Pouch ba s : It is used from food grade low density poly ethylene.  A minimum of 9 bags in a 4.50 kg. / 5.00 kg. carton and 16 in an 8.25 kg. carton should be used.  Bag weight should be between 400 and 700 gm with no more than 2 bunches per bag.

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Conti

Liner ba s : It should be of good quality clear polythene and large enough to cover the grapes and grape guard with a good overlap. Punnet packin ::-

Source: http://www.nabard.org

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6. PALLETIZATION
 Boxes should be palletised on a 48" x 40" pallet with paper board corner posts and steel strapping.  Different growers produce should be palletised separately.

Source: http://www.nabard.org

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7. STORAGE
 Once pre-cooling and disinfection treatment is done, the dual releasing sulphur dioxide (Grape Guard) is to be placed with their coated surfaces downwards on the filled plastic pouches and are to be covered with the plastic sheet lining.  The boxes are closed and then shifted to cold storage rooms.

Source: http://www.nabard.org

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Conti

Source: http//www.apeda.gov.in

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8. TRANSPORTATION
 It is an important link in the handling, storage and distribution of grapes.  It should be covered under the cool-chain.  Maintenance of uniform temperature and humidity throughout is important.  Variation/fluctuations in temperature are harmful.
Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

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MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
Airways : Cargo plane

Waterway : Ships

Roadways : Trucks

Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

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REQUIIREMENT OF DOCUMENTATION

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REGISTRATION OF ORCHARDS
 The orchards have to be registered with a registered packing house facility.  The orchard have to maintain documented record of all operations carried out.  Orchard should adopt good agricultural practices for management of grape orchards established by APEDA.

Source : http//www.apeda.gov.in

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REGISTRATION OF PACKING HOUSE

 The packing houses involved with the export shall be registered with the APEDA .  The registered packing house have to document all the process in detail related to cleaning, grading, hygienic handling, packing and labeling of grapes.

Source : http//www.apeda.gov.in

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GLOBALGAP CERTIFICATE
 Certificate reassure consumers about how food is produced on the farm.

 Ensure about less use of chemical inputs and approach to worker health and safety as well as animal welfare.

Source: http//www.globalgap.org

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CERTIFICATE OF AGMARK GRADING (CAG)

Under this Act grade standards are prescribed for agricultural and allied commodities. These are known as Agmark standards.
 Import-Export code  Export License

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HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT ( HACCP) CERTIFICATE

 HACCP is a process control system designed to identify and prevent microbial and other hazards in food production.

 The certificate is recognized by scientific authorities and international organizations as the most effective approach available for producing safe food.

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TRACEABILITY SYSTEM FOR EXPORTE TO THE EUROPEAN MARKET

Codex Alimentarius Commission:Commission:  Traceability as the ability to follow the movement of a food through specified stage(s) of production, processing and distribution.
 It should provide a verifiable documentation for an effective food control system.

Source: http://www.unescap.org

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GRAPENET
An internet based traceability softer system. Monitors fresh grapes exported to the E.U. up to the farm level. An end-to-end system for :Monitoring pesticide residue, Achieve product standardization, Facilitate tracing back from retail shelves to the farm of the Indian grower, Through the various stages of sampling, testing, certification and packing.

Source: http://www.unescap.org

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CONSTRAINTS AND SOLUTIONS

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CONSTRAINTS FOR EXPORTS

1.Supply Chain Constraints :
 Lack of consistency in supply and quality.  Lack of cost competitiveness.  Inadequate and inappropriate storage and distribution infrastructure.  Lack of technical support for the agro industrial sector.

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Conti
2.Market Access Constraints :
NonNon-tariff barriers : Standards, testing, labeling and certification requirements.  Export subsidies and domestic support. Short product life cycle. cycle. Lack of brand ima e. e.

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Conti
3.Technolo ical Constraints:
 Majority of holdings are small and un-irrigated.  Unproductive plantations needing replacement.  Lack of exportable varieties.  Inadequate supply of quality planting materials of improved varieties.

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Conti
 High incidence of pests and diseases.  Heavy post harvest losses.  Lack of pack houses from farm to port.  High cost of obtaining certification for export.

Source: http//www.unapcaem.org

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PRROPOSED SOLUTIONS BY MOFPI, 2005

Tar eted products Improvement of market access Supply chain requirements ali nment with international

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Tar eted products : Indias production advantage.  Production should shift to demand driven rather than supply driven.  Comparative cost advantage. Improvement of market access :: Market Intelligence
 Harmonization with International standards /practices, certification and testing.

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Supply chain ali nment with International market :: Enable direct farmer-importer linkages.  Set-up independent world class food testing and inspection infrastructure.  Device an alternate system of processing grade products specification based on internationally accepted norms.  Encourage investment in infrastructure to improve product quality.
Source: http//www.unapcaem.org

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GOVERNMENT SCHEMES AND INCENTIVES

Integrate all schemes offered for export promotion through various Ministries and allied agencies. Grapes production : For installing drip irrigation system under PPS (Plasticulture promotion scheme). Post Harvest Schemes : Provide APEDA, NHB, MoFPI and MSEB

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Conti
 APEDA : Subsidy ranging from 25-50 per cent for ceilings of development of infrastructures.  NHB : For commercialization of horticulture.  For construction of cold storage facility through NABARD/NCDC  Available to the extent 25 per cent of capital cost, limit up to 50 lacks.

Source: http://www.planning.up.nic.in

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SWOT ANALYSIS
Stren ths
Agro climatic diversity for grape cultivation to sustain productivity. Technology available to achieve the highest productivity in the world. Scope to grow grapes almost throughout the year. Technology available to produce world class grapes. Technology to produce good quality raisins.

Weaknesses
Narrow range of varieties which include only Thompson Seedless, Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore Blue. Production of export quality grape is low (only 15 per cent of the production). High air freight. Too many exporters. Susceptibility of the varieties to cracking, rotting, pink berry formation and mildew diseases.

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Conti
Opportunities
Improvement in North Indian varieties for expanding the season. Development of less expensive training system. Development of cultural practices for cropping in subtropical places of North India. Improvement of size, colour and packing. Exploring south-east Asian markets for exports.

Threats
Rains during fruit ripening in North India. Increasing soil and water salinity. Heavy spray schedule. Chile and South Africa have extended their season by growing early and late varieties. Fluctuation in international price.

Source: http://www.planning.up.nic.in

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CONCLUSION
 From this foregoing discussion it can be concluded that the productivity of grapes is high than other countries.  Export of grapes is complex process.  All pre and post harvest practices should be done according to prescribed international standards.  There is a great potential for export of grape in international market.
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Conti...
 Government should policies for export.

provide

more

supportive

 Grapenet help to farmer for export of grapes.

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