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 6 questions  Clockwise +10 on a direct and a pass Infinite Bounce

y The element with the lowest melting point is helium (-

2720C) while carbon has the highest (35000C).

y Which metal has the highest melting point (34100C;

the second highest after carbon) a feature that is put to everyday use?

 X was an Italian nuclear scientist born in 1901 in

Rome. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in 1938. X was, along with Dr. Oppenheiner part of the team that created the first nuclear bomb, Little Boy. The hundredth element in the Periodic Table is named after him. ID X.

The current members of the Committee are: y Ingemar Lundstrm, chairman y Lars Brink y Brje Johansson y Bjrn Jonson y Anne L'Huillier
y Which prestigious committee?

y The metric expansion of space eventually reverses and

the universe collapses, ultimately ending as a black hole singularity.

y One of the first to discuss the possibility of an _______

______ temperature was Robert Boyle. His 1665 book New Experiments and Observations touching Cold , articulated the dispute known as the primum frigidum. y He said that, "There is some body or other that is of its own nature supremely cold and by participation of which all other bodies obtain that quality . y What was he discussing about?

 Heinrich Hertz  Guillermo Marconi  Edwin Armstrong

y In addition to his work in theoretical physics, X has been

credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing, and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. y He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behaviour of subatomic particles, which later became known as X diagrams. y He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb and was a member of the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. y X also became known through his semi-autobiographical books (Surely You're Joking, Mr. X! and What Do You Care What Other People Think?)

y A literal translation of this word is "to make into

nothing". In Physics, it is used to denote the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle. y Since energy and momentum must be conserved, the particles are not actually made into nothing, but rather into new particles. Antiparticles have exactly opposite additive quantum numbers from particles, so the sums of all quantum numbers of the original pair are zero. y What's the good word?

y According to folklore, in 1589 X dropped two weights from

the top of Y, one weighing 1 pound and the other 10 pounds, and measured the objects' fall and recorded the following: y Imagine two objects, one light and one heavier are connected to each other by a string. Drop this system of objects from the top of a tower. If we assume heavier objects do indeed fall faster than lighter ones (and conversely, lighter objects fall slower), the string will soon pull taut as the lighter object retards the fall of the heavier object. But the system considered as a whole is heavier than the heavy object alone, and therefore should fall faster. This contradiction leads one to conclude the assumption is false. y ID X and Y.

y __________ is the interdisciplinary science that deals

with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. y The word is derived from the Greek word
,meaning "of or for hearing, ready to hear and that from
,"heard, audible",which in turn derives from the verb
,"I hear". y What s the good word?

y "For all these years, we have been looking at the wrong

number when we have been looking at X. X simply isn't the most natural number that we should associate with a circle . The proper number is Y. How much simpler it'd be if we just used Y instead of X. The circle would have Y radians, a semicircle would have half Y, a quarter of a circle a quarter Y, and so on. You don't have to think," Dr.Kevin Houston at the University of Leeds told The Times newspaper.

y This machine uses a powerful magnetic field to align

the magnetization of some atoms in the body, and radio frequency fields to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization. This causes the nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field detectable by the scanner and this information is recorded to construct an image of the scanned area of the body. Strong magnetic field gradients cause nuclei at different locations to rotate at different speeds & 3-D spatial information can be obtained by providing gradients in each direction. y What are we talking about?

y A few physical attributes particularly suit X: y His long, thin torso offers low drag. y His arms span 6 feet 7 inches (201 cm)

disproportionate to his height of 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) and act as long, propulsive "paddles . y His relatively short legs lower drag, and add the speed enhancement of a hydrofoil. y His size 14 feet provide the effect of flippers. y His hypermobile ankles can extend beyond the pointe of a ballet dancer, enabling him to whip his feet.

1. After the core of an aging massive star ceases generating

energy from nuclear fusion, it may undergo sudden gravitational collapse into a neutron star or black hole, releasing gravitational potential energy that heats and expels the star's outer layers. Alternatively a white dwarf star may accumulate sufficient material from a stellar companion to raise its core temperature enough to ignite carbon fusion, at which point it undergoes runaway nuclear fusion. Stellar cores whose furnaces have permanently gone out collapse when their masses exceed the Chandrasekhar limit, while accreting white dwarfs ignite as they approach this limit (roughly 1.38 times the solar mass). y What is being described here?

2.The

process begins with the compressor. Ammonia gas is compressed until it becomes very hot from the increased pressure. This heated gas flows through the coils behind it, which allow excess heat to be released into the surrounding air. Eventually the ammonia cools down to the point where it becomes a liquid. Essentially, the expansion valve has such a small opening that the liquid ammonia is turned into a very cold, fast-moving mist, evaporating as it travels through the coils. Since this evaporation occurs at -27 degrees F (-32 degrees Celsius), the ammonia draws heat from the surrounding area. This is the Second Law of Thermodynamics in effect. y As the evaporating ammonia gas absorbs more heat, its temperature rises. The cool ammonia still draws heat from the warmer objects in it. The ammonia gas is drawn back into the compressor, where the entire cycle of pressurization and evaporation begins anew.

4.This consists of a gain medium inside a highly reflective optical cavity,

as well as a means to supply energy to the gain medium. In its simplest form, a cavity consists of two mirrors arranged such that light bounces back and forth, each time passing through the gain medium. Typically one of the two mirrors, the output coupler, is partially transparent. The output is emitted through this mirror. Light of a specific wavelength that passes through the gain medium is amplified ; the surrounding mirrors ensure that most of the light makes many passes through the gain medium, being amplified repeatedly. Part of the light that is between the mirrors (that is, within the cavity) passes through the partially transparent mirror and escapes. The process of supplying the energy required is called pumping. The energy is typically supplied as an electrical current or as light at a different wavelength. y What is being explained here?

5.It result from emissions of photons in the Earth's upper

atmosphere, above 80 km from ionized nitrogen atoms regaining an electron, and oxygen and nitrogen atoms returning from an excited state to ground state. They are ionized or excited by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon of light, or by collision with another atom or molecule: y Oxygen emissionsy Green or brownish-red, depending on the amount of energy

absorbed.
y Nitrogen emissions
y Blue or red. Blue if the atom regains an electron after it has

been ionized. Red if returning to ground state from an excited state.

1.He is one of the founding members of the National

Geographic Society in 1888.
y Both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly

influencing his life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in hi greatest invention. In retrospect, he considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have it in his study.
y Who is he ?

2. Albert Einstein kept a photograph of X on his study wall alongside

pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.
y

X established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology. As a chemist, he discovered benzene, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion. Although X received little formal education and knew little of higher mathematics, like calculus, he was one of the most influential scientists in history.

He is referred to as the best experimentalist in the history of science.

y The temperature at which a ferromagnetic or a

ferrimagnetic material becomes paramagnetic on heating, but the effect is reversible. A magnet will lose its magnetism if heated above the X temperature. y The term is also used in piezoelectric materials to refer to the temperature at which spontaneous polarization is lost on heating. y X?

5.William Thomson, 1st Baron of ____. The title refers to

the River _____, which flows close by his lab at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. y He was the first UK scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. y He proposed the idea of Heat descending from a body A at the temperature T of this scale, to a body B at the temperature (T 1), would give out the same mechanical effect [work], whatever be the number T. Such a scale would be quite independent of the physical properties of any specific substance. y How do we know William Thomson better?

y Alexander Graham Bell

bel (intensity of

sound) y Michael Faraday farad (capacitance) y Curie temperature curie (radioactivity) y Blaise Pascal pascal (pressure) y Lord Kelvin kelvin (temperature) y Isaac Newton newton (force)