CRITICAL THINKING

NUR ADIBAH AZEMI E20111002898 INTAN NUR IZZATI ABD MAJID E20111002904 NURUL SHARMILA IDAYU NIZAN E20111002915 AFAF SONIA HARIS E20111002897

WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?

Critical thinking is the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to improving it. Critical thinking also is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking.

Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following :

. understand the logical connections between ideas identify, construct and evaluate arguments detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning solve problems systematically identify the relevance and importance of ideas reflect on the justification of one's own beliefs and values

Critical thinking includes a complex combination of skills Among the main characteristics are the following:
Rationality We are thinking critically when we rely on reason rather than emotion, require evidence, ignore no known evidence, and follow evidence where it leads. Open-mindedness We are thinking critically when we evaluate all reasonable inferences consider a variety of possible viewpoints or perspectives, remain open to alternative interpretations

 Self-awareness We are thinking critically when we weigh the influences of motives and bias, and recognize our own assumptions, prejudices, biases, or point of view. Honesty We are thinking critically when we recognize emotional impulses, selfish motives, nefarious purposes, or other modes of self-deception.

Techniques of critical thinking

Clarify. State one point at a time. Elaborate. Give examples. Ask others to clarify or give examples. If you re not sure what you re talking about, you can t address it. Unclear: How can we fix education? Clear: How can teachers better prepare students for the workforce? or How can we change policies to encourage better teaching? Be accurate. Check your facts. Inaccurate: Most people these days are obese or Just vent your anger; you ll feel better. Accurate: Most people in the U.S. are not obese or Studies show that venting your anger actually increases angry feelings and actions.

Be precise. Be precise, so you are able to check accuracy. Avoid generalizations, euphemisms, and other ambiguity. Imprecise: Mary is overweight. Precise: Mary is 6 pounds overweight according to her Body Mass Index, which is a deceptive measured of healthy weight anyway. Be relevant. Stick to the main point. Pay attention to how each idea is connected to the main idea. Irrelevant: Why do I believe in the Christian God? Well, the human eye is too complex to have happened by chance, so God must have created it. Relevant: The human eye is a complex system. Its origins, Darwinian or otherwise, are not fully understood. But our ignorance is not evidence for God or anything else.

Why study critical thinking?

Critical thinking is a domain-general thinking skill Critical thinking is very important in the new knowledge economy Critical thinking enhances language and presentation skills Critical thinking promotes creativity. Critical thinking is crucial for self-reflection

By contrast, passive, non-critical thinkers take a simplistic view of the world. They see things in black and white, as either-or, rather than recognizing a variety of possible understanding. They see questions as yes or no with no subtleties. They fail to see linkages and complexities. They fail to recognize related elements. Non-critical thinkers take an egotistical view of the world They take their facts as the only relevant ones. They take their own perspective as the only sensible one. They take their goal as the only valid one.

BENEFITS OF CRITICAL THINKING

Critical thinking helps you focus on what Critical thinking helps you do what matters. Millions of scam artists want to steal your time and money. You can use critical thinking to defeat them. Critical thinking helps you avoid false beliefs.

THE END