Brian Pratt, brian.pratt@meriton.

com 2005

Strategies for Metro/Regional Optical Networks CEF/REN Conference, Prague, 18 May

Agenda

Overview of Meriton Networks Trends in Optical Networking

Emerging research & education applications and high-speed networks Requirements for research & education networks The current state-of-the-art Choices for technologies Optical link engineering

Technology

Building Real High-Speed Optical Networks

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About Meriton Networks

Carrier-class, wavelength networking solution

Enable the Growth of High-speed Metro/Regional Services, from Wall Street to Main Street

36170 MainstreetXpress

46020 Network Management Platform

Experienced team: Leaders with Newbridge, Nortel Customers: Growing base of enterprise and service provider customers Member of Internet2 HOPI Corporate Advisory Research: Participant in CANARIE OBGP/UCLP Partnerships: Fujitsu, Siemens, local partners Global Reach:
Corporate Headquarters Ottawa, Canada USA Headquarters Raleigh, North Carolina European Headquarters Bristol, UK Asia Headquarters Hong Kong
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Trends in Research & Education Networks

Large-scale applications outpacing network capacity

Grids, 3D visualization, physics, astronomy: all kinds of science, engineering and other research applications Non-wire-speed 10GigE is increasingly insufficient
Multiple 10GigE wavelengths, moving to 40G deployment and research on 100G Some e-science applications already consuming 7 Gbps of sustained bandwidth

Many traditional/incumbent carriers not offering services or solutions to support these applications Metro/regional Optical Networks for research being built as an increasing rate

Acquisition of dark fibre, lit up as private networks Different communities:

University/research focused Joint education/government initiatives Corporate/enterprise networks
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Meritons Vision of the Hybrid IP/Optical Transport Network

IP/MPLS Router IP/MPLS Router

IP/MPLS Network Layer

IP/MPLS Router IP/MPLS Router

Service Access Nodes WXC CWDM DWDM High-End User WXC DWDM WXC

Least costly interfaces (e.g. 10GigE LAN PHY, 1310 nm singlemode short-reach optics) Transponder function at the WDM layer

Multi-Service Wavelength Transport Network

Metro

Access

Regional/Core

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SONET/SDH Transport Convergence

Routers

Status Quo:

Other Services Other Services IP IP TDM (Ethernet, SANs, etc.) MPLS/ATM

Switche s ADMs

SONET/Ethernet SONET/SDH

OXCs

Waves WDM

OADMs

Fiber Fiber

Multiple networking layers leads to additional cost and operational complexities.

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Todays Simplified Network

TDM

SONET SDH

S A N

Ether IP/MPLS net

Wavelengths Waves
Fiber Fiber

Converging to a full IP/MPLS layer over a common wavelength network greatly simplifies the network.
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Optical Networking in 2005

Technologies from the hype/bubble era of the late 1990s-2001 are finally emerging as practical, cost-effective solutions.
All optical switching: optical ROADM

1st generation wavelength blocker technology giving way to 2nd generation wavelength selectable switch (WSS) technology Electronic ROADM: the benefits of wavelength switching + simplicity of working in the electronic domain (OEO) Roadmap toward multi-degree optical ROADM Pluggable transceivers: GBICs giving way to SFPs/XFPs 10G DWDM long-reach XFP transceivers for $ 8,000 (was $ 200,000 5 years ago!) Multiple GigE wavelengths over regional distances now inexpensive Multiple 10GigE wavelengths now measured in $ x00,000, not $ x0,000,000!

Evidence of Moores Law applied to optical components

Some carriers offering wavelength services over shared infrastructure

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Requirements for Optical Networks for R&E

Transparency

Carry any service (Ethernet, SONET, SAN, etc.) at wire-speed, from GigE to 10GigE and beyond Support of emerging 40G and 100G wavelength technologies DWDM equipment that interfaces to existing/most-cost-effective interfaces of GigE/10GigE routers/switches Avoid the expense and complication of 10GigE WAN PHY or SONET encapsulation

Ability to easily grow capacity to support 320 Gbps (32 x10G) per fiber pair or more

Ability to carry 10GigE LAN PHY natively

Ability to carry alien wavelengths Support a mix of DWDM and CWDM, and interoperate between them Plug-and-play: e.g. auto-discovery of new nodes/cards/interfaces

Equipment that a technician can take out of the box and have up-and-running in hours, not days Central management of all optical network elements, i.e. amplifiers, dispersion compensators, etc. No on-site visits to POPs required except to connect new users/fibers Similar management features as IP networks: RADIUS authentication, packet counters, etc. Option for either in-band or out-of-band management or both Good tools for troubleshooting both CWDM and DWDM technology

Simplicity: must be like managing a router network

Hassle-free access to vendor expertise in optical network design and support

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Requirements for Optical Networks for R&E

Simple and cost-effective, but with carrier-class reliability as/when required Use of pluggable transceiver technology, e.g. SFPs for < 2.7G, XFPs for 10G

Reduce costs, easy sparing, a standard with multiple sources High quality optical components that allow as many huts to be skipped as possible Includes the quality of transceivers, amplifiers, dispersion compensators, filters, etc. No disruption to existing users: hot swappable, optional redundancy and optical protection Plug-and-play: as simple as popping in additional SFPs/XFPs, and connecting up new access fibers

Minimize optical loss

Ability to easily add/change services as well as entire new nodes and fibers

Granularity of single wavelengths for add/drop Switching

Switch the paths of short-/medium-term research applications via central management workstation
Switching done in seconds or minutes, not weeks

Protection switching, when used, in < 50 ms Combine the flexibility of optical switching with the practical advantage and simplicity of electronic transport (performance monitoring, loopbacks, etc.) Electronic ROADM to enable simpler segment-by-segment engineering, avoid complex ring engineering Simplicity and elegance of mesh networks Confidential
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Option to use an electronic ROADM and/or optical ROADM

Cost-effective, Reliable, Multi-Service Metro/Regional High-Speed Transport

Services 10GigE, GigE, 10/100 C/DWDM Emerging 40G/100G Fibre Channel ESCON FICON Up to 8 wavelengths (8 or 16 GigE/1G FC) STM-n/OC-n, E-n/DS-n 40 Gbps capacity Video Up to 120 km Any protocol
C/DWDM

Up to 32 wavelengths 320 Gbps capacity (32 x 10G) Up to 600+ km

C/DWDM

8600 NMS

C/DWDM

30%-40% capital & operations savings on end-to-end solutions Transparent: bit-rate/protocol independent transport 10 GigE LAN PHY transported natively Carrier-class reliability Comprehensive, open network/element management Easy to install, engineer, manage

Carrier-class products transport products at enterprise prices!

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Meritons Vision of the End-to-end Transport Network

Metro
DWDM CWDM

Access

CWDM

DWDM

DWDM

Regional
Metro
8600 NMS
CWDM DWDM

DWDM

Metro

Metro

CWDM

Access

Mix CWDM and DWDM segment-by-segment. Easier segment-by-segment ring engineering. CWDM segments up to 120 km unamplified at GigE (80 km at 2.5G). DWDM reach of 600+ km miles with no re-gen: only amps and DCM required.

Raman amps for longer reach

Mix of 10G, 2.5G, 1G wavelengths on the same fibre. Sophisticated, integrated, managed amps & dispersion compensation. Comprehensive, central/remote network and element management.

A cost-effective, switched, multi-service, transparent wavelength network end-to-end: from access to metro to regional.
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Meritons Vision of the End-to-end Transport Network

Metro
Access

Regional
Metro
8600 NMS

Metro

Metro

Access

Mix CWDM and DWDM segment-by-segment. Easier segment-by-segment ring engineering. CWDM segments up to 120 km unamplified at GigE (80 km at 2.5G). DWDM reach of 600+ km miles with no re-gen: only amps and DCM required.

Raman amps for longer reach

Mix of 10G, 2.5G, 1G wavelengths on the same fibre. Sophisticated, integrated, managed amps & dispersion compensation. Comprehensive, central/remote network and element management.

Any topology, including fully meshed networks, or hybrid ring/mesh networks, etc.
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Introducing the OADX

Efficiency and Transparency of an OADM Networking Flexibility of a Switch Optical Add/Drop Switch (OADX)

=
Integrated wavelength transmission and switching in a single platform Electronic and optical ROADM

Leading edge support for metro/regional high-speed services.

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The Value Proposition: Scalability and Cost Savings

Incumbent Vendor Solution Meritons OADX Solution

70 Km

70 Km

25 Km 25 Km 40 Km 40 Km 40 Km 40 Km

Scalability delivering up to 70% CAPEX Savings

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Meriton Metro/Regional Product Family

3300 OSU
40 Gbps capacity Any input: MM 850 nm, SM 1310 nm or 1550 nm CWDM & DWDM Carrier-class redundancy 6 RU (10.5)

7200 OADX
320 Gbps capacity Any input: MM 850 nm, SM 1310 nm or 1550 nm CWDM & DWDM Carrier-class redundancy 21 RU (36.75")

1455 OFA
Pre/post/line amplifiers Mid-Span DCMs Gain Tilt Compensation Over 600 km Links

Fully Managed via the 8600 Network Management System and 8300 Element Management System

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Pluggable Transceivers SFPs and XFPs

Standardized Multi Source Agreement Packaging SFPs: 100 M to 2.7 Gbps support

5.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.9 cm

Any protocol 10GigE LAN PHY, 10GigE WAN PHY STM-64, OC-192

XFPs: 10G

Change speed/protocol in software Types

Single wavelength
850 nm MM: 500 m reach 1310 nm SM: up to 40 km reach 1550 nm SM: up to 80 km reach

7.6 cm x 1.8 cm x 0.8 cm

CWDM SM 40, 80, and 120 km reach DWDM SM 40, 80 km reach

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C-Band

L-Band

Choosing Between CWDM and DWDM

8 Channel CWDM Zero Water Peak Fiber SMF (c) DWDM C BAND
C-Band L-Band

CWDM Course Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Attenuation

20 nm wavelength spacing 8 Channels over Single Mode Fibre (SMF)

1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 16101630

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 0.8 nm wavelength spacing

Also referred to as 100 GHz spacing Some products also have 200 GHz spacing: half as many wavelengths in the C-band (i.e. 16) Some long-haul system have 50 GHz spacing: twice as many waves in the C-band (i.e. 64)

32 Channels + OSC

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32 Channels over SMF (100 GHz) 1 Channel of OSC

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Amplification CWDM vs. DWDM

80 km
CWDM wavelengths

80 km
Requires 1 amplifier per wavelength

C-band
(DWDM wavelengths)

L-band

{ {

EDFA

1 EDFA amplifies all wavelength s in the Cband Requires 1 amplifier per wavelength

EDFA: Erbium-doped Fibre Amplifier DWDM is typically used for longer distance transport, because EDFA amplifiers enable very long spans more cost-effectively than CWDM. Amplifiers typically cost approximately US$ 20k or more
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Electronic ROADM
Native signal transparency

Bit rate and protocol independent Single wavelength granularity No stranded wavelengths
7200 OADX

Fully non-blocking wavelength switching

Electrical OEO approach allows for important system/network functionality:

Multi-degree support Any-to-any grid interconnect (e.g. C to DWDM) Wavelength conversion for all channels 3R at every node (i.e. Engineers like SONET/SDH) Layer 1 Performance Monitoring (PM) Multicast lightpaths
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Wavelength Switching Cost Sweet Spots

Channel Rate Note: For 2-degree metro ring applications.

10G

Electrical OEO

Optical ROADM

2.5G

Electrical OEO

Optical ROADM

12

16

20

24

28

32
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Pass-through Channels
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Optical ROADM Wave-blocker

Splitter

Wave-blocker

Coupler

Drop Filter

Add Filter

Drop and Add Filters must be tuneable for maximum flexibility. Hitless filter tuning is a problem. Many discrete components so expensive High insertion loss Limits DCM Limits reach between nodes for fully transparent networks.
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Optical ROADM Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS)

Wavelength Selective Switch Coupler

Drop Channels

Optional Expansion Port Add

Fewer discrete optical components Fully flexible colourless add/drop Lower insertion loss Limited number of drop ports Use expansion port !

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How Much Capacity ?

100Gbps
Duo-binary Wave-locker++ 1b/s/Hz 16 symbol levels 256 symbol levels 4 bits per symbol 8 bits per required. symbol required. Duobinary Wave-locker+ 0.8b/s/Hz Reduced reach Wave-locker NRZ 0.2b/s/Hz Reduced reach No ROADMs Wave-locker+ 0.4b/s/Hz 16 symbol levels 4 bits per symbol

40Gbps

NRZ/CS-RZ/ Wave-locker+ 10G overlay 0.4b/s/Hz

10Gbps

No issue NRZ 0.1b/s/Hz

100GHz

50GHz

25GHz

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Optical Link Engineering Methodology

Meriton Uses 2 Software Tools to Design Optical Amplifier Links
Allows fast network design and link performance Meriton OFA Link Design Tool
calculation Customized for Meriton 7200 OADX link endpoints and the Meriton 1450 and 1650 family of OFAs Estimates Q, OSNR, and Margin Can model 2.5G or 10G datarate per wavelength Can model # of wavelengths per link Assumes fixed Impact of non-linear network effects for all DWDM wavelengths Typically accurate to within 95% of results offered by commercial optical modeling tool which models absolute non-linear effects.

Pass/Fail Report

OptSim Commercial Optical Network Modeling Tool

Used to determine the actual level and impact of

non-linear effects on the proposed Meriton OFA Link Design Offers more detailed graphical results of DWDM link performance

Optical Spectrum Analysis

Estimated Eye Pattern Generation

Used to validate the proposed design, and produce estimated link performance in terms of optical performance across each wavelength in the DWDM optical spectrum, and the expected eye pattern.
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Optical Link Engineering Tools

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Technologies for Dynamic Optical Networks

GMPLS standards are still evolving for optical networks Growing interest for dynamic lightpath configurations Meritons path management includes a number of GMPLS concepts

OSPF routing on NEs (used for management network today) GMPLS LMP for auto network discovery, lightpath testing, and cable mis-wiring

Meriton will implement GMPLS in step with customers key requirements for mesh networking

Pre-provisioned shared protection (enabled by GMPLS signaling) Dynamic (best-effort) signaled protection Operator signaled lightpaths (S-LPs) Client on-demand wavelengths (O-UNI signaling)

Participation in initiatives such as Internet2 HOPI, CANARIE UCLP, etc., is critical

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Best in Class Network Management

Automatic Discovery
Automatic node topology discovery Automatic card detection Automatic fiber connectivity discovery Automatic detection of fiber miscabling

Powerful Lightpath Provisioning

Both Operator-Selected Routing or Automatic Lightpath Routing End-to-end lightpath protection or protection only for segments of lightpath

Non-disruptive Live Lightpath Routing Changes Fast Identification and Guided Resolution of Fiber Miscabling
The considerable investment

Meriton Networks has made in network management is evident!

Managing Optical Networks Report

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8600 NMS User Interface

Integrated Element and Network Management Functions.

Intuitive Navigation.

Autodiscovery of equipment and topology.

Simplified lightpath visualization. Integrated Fault Management.

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8300 EMS GUI

Element status Element crossconnect status

No navigation frame. Single element only

Crossconnect highlighting Per element alarm view

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IVFN Intelligent Virtual Fiber Networks

Virtual Service Network Partitioning UNIs and lambdas

Virtual Backbone Network Partitioning ports, UNIs, lambdas

Physical Network Nodes, ports, links, UNIs, lambdas

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brian.pratt@meriton.com gerard.owens@meriton.com

Thank You

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