What is your idea of a healthy work environment

   

Whats happening round here How do I survive What is my meaning or mission How can I be effective

A healthy work env. for youyou     

     

On the job I want to be treated In my company I want to be included whenever The company should reward me MY biggest rewards from my life in organizations will come when. I want to be a member of an organization that has these goals I want to work for an organization that has structures and procedures and a culture that On the job I will be happiest when my time is spent I plan to divide the time between my work life and personal life I want to work with colleagues who The physical settings in which I work My bosses will be . My company will help give meaning to my life because

Sunday Night Insomnia



France : 52% USA & UK : 70% Italy & Spain : 50% Scandinavia : 30%
(Monster, 2008)

Stress : Definition
Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize
(Lazarus, 1966)

Hans Selye can be called the father of modern stress literature He propounded the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) ,a theory of stress based on endocrinological experiments

Definition Ivancevich and Matteson -the interaction of the individual with the environment , an adaptive response , mediated by the individual differences and/or psychological processes, that is a consequence of any external (environmental) action, situation or event that places excessive psychological and or physical demands on a person.

,Beehr and Newman define job stress as a condition arising from the interaction of people and their jobs and characterized by changes within people that force them to deviate from their normal functioning .

  

Fred Luthans has defined it as an adaptive response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological ,and or behavioural deviations for organizational participants. Fred Luthans points out three very important points as to what stress is not :He sayssays1.Stress is not simply anxiety 2.Stress is not merely nervous tension 3.Stress is not necessarily something damaging ,bad or to be avoided

Good Stress, Bad Stress



Eustress (Good Stress or Challenge) : adaptative response to meet challenges and goals ; links arousal stress to performance Distress (Bad Stress) appears when increased stress leads to poorer performance.
(Hans Selye,1975)

Response to Stress : Generalized Adaptative Syndrome



Alarm : Acute response. Fight or flight

Resistance : Resources depleted progressively

Exhaustion : Resources depleted

(Hans Selye) Selye)

The Alarm Stage - This stage experiences an over acting of the sympathetic nervous system wherein adrenaline and cortisol increase and blood flows away from the brain to the muscles. As a result, dendrites shrink back in the brain to moderate the flow of information, slowing or closing down the nonessential body functions. The whole body starts preparing itself to fight against the reason of stress. The fear, excitement or pressure is evident on the sufferer's face.

The Resistance Stage -This is the stage when the individual is making full efforts to cope with the situation and his whole body is engaged in fighting against the condition. This is the resistance stage. In this stage, the body keeps making continuous efforts to cope with stress and therefore feels run down and exhausted. The person starts feeling irritated, over reacts to minor situations and gets mentally and physically weak. Psychological, physical and behavioural changes are also clearly visible.

The third stage is the Exhaustion stage in which the individual could reach a height where he/she may feel completely exhausted and helpless to the extent of committing suicide. This is the Exhaustion Stage. This stage is further divided into two phases: Initial phase: The stress persists and due to lack of appropriate measures the person is not able to concentrate and work efficiently. Burnout: The person is completely exhausted and drained of all energy reserves. There is a complete physical, psychological and emotional breakdown. This requires immediate attention.

Generalized Adaptative Syndrome

(Hans Selye) Selye)

Stressor and Strains

Stressor : Stress Producing Events and Conditions.

Negative reactions are called Strains. Strains.

Job Stress
WorkWork-related stress is the response people may have when presented with work and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope.
(WHO)

Strains : Individual Impact



Psychological : anxiety, panic attacks, depression, anger, burnout Physical : cardio-vascular, gastro-intestinal, cancer, cardiogastrostrokes, musculo-skeletal, diabetes, obesity musculoBehavioural : alcohol, drugs, medication abuse, suicide attempts, smoking, overexercising

What is Burnout ?
Prolonged response to chronic emotional & interpersonal stressors on the job
Emotional exhaustion Depersonalisation (detachment, withdrawal) Diminished personal accomplishment
(Maslach et al, 2001).

Strains : Organizational Outcomes



Psychological :
 

Less organizational commitment Turnover intentions

Behavioural :
  

Impaired performance Withdrawal Absenteism

Consequence : DECREASED PRODUCTIVITY

Annual Cost of Stress : Western Countries

 

France : 51 billion, 3% GNP (CGC,2006) UK : Occupational work stress costs 353 to 381 million to employers, and 3.8 billion to Society; 10% GNP (Cooper, 1996) US : between $ 300 billion (Americcan Institute of Stress, 2004) and $ 150 billion (Rosch, 1979) in direct costs to American Companies. EU : 20 billion (European Commission, 1999) ; 50 to 60% of absenteism.

Social Stress in Russia (1)

( Leon & Shkolnikov, JAMA, 1998)


1990 to 1994 : Life expectancy decreased :

 

6 years to 57.7 for men 3 years to 71.2 for women

Most affected categories :

 

Age 30-49 30Urban, most economically developed areas of European Russia (Moscow & St Petersburg) Lowest educational groups

Social Stress in Russia (2)

(Stucker et al, The Lancet, January 2009)


Rapid mass privatisation as an economic transition strategy was a crucial determinant of differences in adult mortality trends in postpostcommunist countries Belonging to at least one social organization was decreasing association of privatization with mortality (buffer effect).

Male death rate in Russia in 1950-2008 1950antianti-alcohol campaign 2 - Beginning of marketing reforms

1 - Beginning of

Suicides & Alcoholism in Russia



Suicides :
   

Rates = 2 x World Average Peak of 60,000 in 1994 (11,000 in France) Linked to economical difficulties Higher in regions

Alcoholism : 300,000 deaths/yr (45,000 in France)

Cognitive Appraisals of Stress

Conscious and unconscious appraisals which emerge as a reaction to a potential stressor


Question 1 : Is this situation stressful ?

Question 2 : Do I have resources to cope ?

(Lazarus, 1966)

Stress and Job Performance

  

Low stress Low Performance Moderate Stress- High Performance StressHigh Stress- Low Performance Stress-

Job Stressors- Physical Factors Stressors   

  

Commuting Repetitive Stress injuries Noise Biogenic Triggers(foods that create stress response irrespective of other condition) Safety issues Travel Stress Shift Work(Circadian Rhythms)

Roles

Cognitive Demands


Technology

Work Personal Life issues

How stress affects health?



Fight or Flight (men & women react diff./Wom-estrogen & diff./WomOxytoxin/ Men-Progesterone) Men-

 

The stress response Physiological Effects -stress and anger both increase your susceptibility to physical illness
- Stress influences pain perception ,with high anxiety being related to low pain tolerance -Stress is related to coronary heart disease

The Stress Response

Motor Cortex musculoskeletal system (muscles of jaw,shoulders,back tighten  Cerebral cortex signals the hypothalmus Stimulates the sympathetic &parasympathetic nervous systems  As the sympathetic nervous systems readies the heart to speed up,adrenaline is released BP heart rate and vol. of blood pumped all increase.  Parasympathetic nervous system sends hormones to other parts to slow  While the blood flow is sent to the brain and muscles flow to skin and digestive organs reduce  Via the pitituary gland3 hormones released-cortisol, releasedcorticosterone andaldosterone to boost immune system/ over long periods they wear off


Predisposition to stress
  

Personality Traits Workaholism Type A /Type B personality pattern