CURRENT TRANSFORMER

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS(E.X) SHRI RAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW
    

Introduction to Current transformer (C.T.) Need of C.T. Equivalent circuit of a C.T. Specification & accuracy. Applications.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A TRANSFORMER

INTRODUCTION


Current transformer is a device used to measure large primary currents to smaller easy to measure secondary currents. It has a few turns of fine wires on the primary winding and large number of turns on the secondary winding.

INTRODUCTION
  

The primary winding is placed in the line and the secondary is closed through an ammeter. A C.T. can operate with its secondary under nearly short circuited condition. If in case the ammeter is to be removed, then the secondary winding is Short-circuited. Short-

NOTENOTE- If the secondary is not short-circuited, then due shortto absence of Ampere-turn of the secondary, the Ampereunopposed primary mmf will set up and a high flux in the core will produce high core loss along with a heating effect and damages the transformer.

NEED FOR A CURRENT TRANSFORMER:In power distribution system, high voltage and high sensitivity of current is always present.

FOR THIS SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS ARE NEEDED.

NEED FOR A CURRENT TRANSFORMER:-

INSTRUMENt WITH HIGH VOLTAGE & CURRENT

SoLuTiOn

PROBLEMS

A CURRENT TRANSFORMER IS USED mainly for -

To isolate instruments from power circuits

To reduce current to lower level to be measured more easily.

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT TRANSFORMER

SPECIFICATION OF A C.T.
The specification covers manufacture, test, & supply of Current transformers & their accuracy:accuracy:

The CTs shall be of ring type or window type (bar type or bus-bar type CTs shall not busbe accepted). The secondary leads shall be terminated with Tinned Cooper rose contact terminals with arrangements for sealing purposes.

Polarity (both for primary and second leads) shall be marked. The CTs shall be varnished, fiberglass tape insulated or cast resin, air-cooled type. Only airsuper enameled electrolytic grade copper wires shall be used. The CTs shall conform to IS 2705:Part-I & 2705:PartII/IEC:185 with latest amendments.

TECHNICAL DETAILS:DETAILS:1.Class of accuracy 2.Rate of burden 3.Power frequency withstand voltage 4.Highest system voltage 5.Nominal system voltage 6.Frequeny 7.Supply system 0.5 5 VA 3 KV 433 V 400 V 50 Hz 3-Phase solidly grounded neutral system

TRANSFORMATION RATIO
Ratio 50/5 150/5 300/5 400/5 1000/5

ACCURACY
Accuracy class % Ratio error at % Rated current Phase displacement in minutes at % rated current

0.5

5 20 100 120 5 20 100 120 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5 90 45 30 30

APPLICATIONS OF C.TS


Current transformers have standardized ratings so that they can be used to measure large currents and high voltages. Using the standardized ratings of C.Ts, other instruments can also be rated around this. Thus a high reduction in cost of these is possible.

APPLICATIONS:APPLICATIONS:

In power systems, current values are very large, which cant be measured by ordinary meters. Thus a step down Current transformer is used so that these values can be metered easily by those instruments. Low power consumption by using C.T. Several instruments can be operated using a single C.T.

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