Social Development

Litia Sili Date 03/08/11

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Objectives
Understand the importance of Education in society Explain the meaning of social development Identify its importance to nursing Describe its effect on health care delivery

Social Development

Introduction
The study of health and illness and of the professionals and other organizations devoted to health care is one the most fascinating fields. Health is an important factor in assessing the quality of a society's life. Though medicine and other health services are deeply dependent upon the biological and physical sciences, health service organizations, including medical profession, are social organization that has interdependence of parts that consist of tasks and activities, relationship among

 Though the main anchorage of medicine is in the biological sciences, there is an exceedingly important zone of interaction and interpenetration between health and illness, and understanding that the person is an individual and a biopsychosocial being is important for health providers. The Sociology of Health is important in the sense that health care is concerned with fundamental issues involving life, death and the quality of life. For students in health professions, there is an important practical reason for gaining an understanding of the Social Development of individuals.

Education
What is Education ? What do we teach in Education ? Why educate ?

Education
The act or process of educating or being educated The knowledge or skills obtained or developed by a learning process A programme or instruction of a specified kind or level e.g. nursing education in nursing school An instructive or enlightening experience

 Is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual In its technical sense , education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to

 Learners are motivated by aspirations for progress and betterment Purpose of education - as a place where children can develop according to their full potentials.

EDUCATION is a social institution

Process by which society transmits Knowledge Values Norms Ideologies to prepare young people for adult roles And adult for new roles

Importance of Education
devoted to transmitting specific body of knowledge, values, norms of behavior prepares students for active participation in adult activities. Tool for problem solving e.g. social inequality
prepares young people for adult roles and adults for new roles

 Raise the literacy rates in least developed nations Means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunities and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society.

TO What Extent Does Society Shape

how they behave ? What they can become ? What they will become ?

 Social construct through interaction with others

Social Development
refers to the development of interaction and relationships with others . We become social being through our interaction in the family and with other types of groups Socialization ways in which people learn to confirm to their societys norms, values and roles -learn particular behavior required to function in society

3 stages of socialization
Primary socialization within the family & intimate others in the Childs environment Secondary socialization later childhood and adolescence - Influence of adults and peers outside household and immediate family members Adult socialization - Learns norms associated with new status

Resocialisation
Need to correct certain patterns Individuals undergo intense deliberate socialization designed to change major belief and behaviors

Agencies of socialization
Family primary agency of socialisation Family environment e.g. living arrangements urban vs. rural, no. of siblings, parents education and income School - opportunities to perform new roles - Differences between family values and that of the larger society - Conflict over educational norms e.g. what ought to be taught

The Community - Day care centers, recreation centre, sorts league Religion - Teaching of religious leaders can be a powerful source of moral belief (can shape behavior) Peer Group - Strong influence on members attitude and values. Mass Media

Theories of social development

Is it nature or nurture ? ?

Group Experiences
3 steps in Looking glass building the self looking glass - Charles Horton self Cooley (1902)

- Our perception of how we look to others - Our perception of their judgment of how

Interactionist theory- Charles Horton Cooley Concept of looking glass self Reflection of our self that we think we see in the behaviors of others toward us Continually pay attention to the behavioral a cues of others Others people opinion becomes dominant aspect of our own identity

George Herbert Meads

The generalised others Observe and assimilate the identities of others Developed through the processes of o Role playing
Unique formation of self culture , language and experiences of a particular family and peer group Gender Socialization culture specifies norms and behavior considered

Meads Role taking

3 stages to gain their sense of self and learn to act as a person in society o Preparatory (1-3 yrs) mimic the behavior of significant others o Play stage (3 4 yrs) play at being the significant others o Game stage (4 5 yrs) take the role of generalised others

Sigmund Freud
Social self develops primarily in the family Infant is gradually forced to control its biological functions and needs e.g. sucking, eating, Self is divided in 3 parts o Id unconscious forces o Super ego moral codes o Ego conscious & rational part of self

Sigmund Freud
Personality develops out of socialization processes Infant is forced to control its bodily urges Unsocialised drives arise from the id and the moral codes of elders are incorporated into the superego Conflicts between id and superego continually threatens to disrupt the function of the ego or social self

Erik Ericksons theory Psychosocial development

Grace Role model

Identification
Individuals choose other people as models and attempt to imitate their behavior in particular roles Continue through out life Older people seek role models who can help them through difficult life transitions

Erik Erickson psychosocial development

Identification individuals choose other people as models and attempt to imitate their behavior in particular roles Continues through out life Older people seek role models who can help them through difficult life transitions

 Basic Trust vs Mistrust (0-1 yr) ..HOPE Autonomyvs Shame & doubt (1-3) . Willpower Initiative vs Guilt (4-5yrs)Purpose Idustry vs Inferiority (6-11 yrs) competence & accomplishment Identity vs Role Confusion (12 18yrs) Fidelity Initimacy vs Isolation (early adulthood) Love Generativity vs Stagnation (Middle adulthood) Care and Production Ego Integrity vs Despair (older adulthood)Wisdom

Behaviorisms Asserts that all behavior is learned Ivan Pavlov behavior can be shaped or conditioned by learning situations Feral children -Experience extreme isolation or have been reared outside human society Normal developments requires the presence of other humans Lack old attention and love of adults likely to develop emotional problems and to be retarded in their

Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development Emphasize cognitive aspect of moral development Preconventional child acts out of the desire for reward and fear of punishment Conventional decision based on understanding right and wrong (rules and laws) Postconventional- develop a sense of relativity and can distinguish between social laws and moral

 health becomes the state of optimum capacity of an individual for the effectiveperformance of the roles and tasks for which he has been socialized. They need support and assistance whereby members of our society can reach a minimum standards of health, economic security and civilized living and can share according to their capacity in the social and cultural

 With the 'germ theory' losing its ground in the face of now dominant chronic and degenerative diseases, the expansion of epidemiology has led to the insight that most chronic diseases are associated with social structures and behaviors.

Discussion
How will the knowledge gained from this lecture improve the services we provide as health care providers