2 - OTA000006 SDH Networking and Protection ISSUE 1.20

SDH Networking and Protection
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the common SDH network topology and features
Explain the protection mechanism
Page2
Contents
1. 2.
SDH Network Topologies Survivable networks and their protection mechanisms
Page3
Contents
1.
SDH Network Topologies 1.1 Optical networking introduction 1.2 Classification of topologies 1.3 Sub-networks
Page4
Optical Networking Introduction
An SDH network consists of Network Elements (NE) interconnected with optical fiber.
The geometrical layout of the NEs and optical transmission lines is called the network topology.
The efficiency, reliability and the cost performance of a network highly depend on its topology.
Page5
Classification of Topologies

Chain Star Tree Ring Mesh
Page6
Classification of Topologies (Cont.)
Chain network (Point-to-point or point-to-multi-point
network) In a chain network, all nodes are connected one after another on a line with both ends open.
NE A NE B NE C NE D
Chain network is used when the networks nodes are arranged in a long line. e. g. along railway lines, highways, power supply lines,
etc.
Page7
Star network
In a star network there is a central node to which the other nodes are directly connected. There are no direct links between other nodes.
NE B NE E
NE C
NE A
NE D
Star network is mainly used in access networks or rural telephone networks in which nodes are scattered here and there and the traffics are not important.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8
Tree network
A tree network can be considered as a combination of the chain and star topologies.
NE A NE B NE C NE D NE E
Tree network is mostly used for broadcasted services like CATV.

Ring network
Ring network is such a structure in which all nodes are connected one after another to form NE circle. a A
NE B NE E
NE C
NE D
Ring network is widely used in SDH networking due to its high survivability.
Mesh network
Mesh network is such a structure in which many nodes are interconnected together via direct links.
NE A NE B NE E
NE C
NE D
Mesh network is suitable for the regions with large amount of traffic and for high hierarchy communication
networks.
Page11
Other possible combination networks
Page12
Sub-network
Sub-network
In backbone networks or large region networks, there are a large number of NEs and links. In order to simplify the network management, a large network can be divided into several sub-networks according to the administrative regions.
A sub-network functions as a container. It can include
NEs, links and even lower level sub-networks.
Page13
Sub-network (Cont.)
Subnet
Sub-network A
Sub-network D
Sub-network B
Sub-network C
Page14
Contents
1. 2.
SDH Network Topologies Survivable networks and their protection mechanisms
Page15
Contents
2.
Survivable networks and their protection mechanisms 2.1 Survivable networks introduction 2.2 Types of protection
Page16
Survivable Networks Introduction
Causes of network failures
Accidents: Cable/fiber cuts Human errors: Incorrect maintenance, installation, Environmental hazards: Floods, fire, Sabotages: Physical, electronic, Operational disruptions: Schedule upgrade, maintenance, power outage,
Hardware/software failures: Line unit failure, faulty laser, software crash
Page17
Survivable Networks Introduction (Cont.)
Survivable networks can restore traffic in the event of a failure
Requirements for survivability of network includes
Robust equipment (Strong cross-connect capability, intelligent nodes)
Security (Physical, electronic) Design networks with enough resource Redundant routes as standby routes Fast failure detection and fast traffic rerouting to redundant routes
No human intervention
Page18
Types of Protection
Line
1+1 linear MS M:N linear MS
Ring
Multiplex section protection (MSP) 2-fiber bidirectional MSP Ring (2f-MS SPRing) 2-fiber unidirectional MSP Ring (2f-MS SPRing) 4-fiber bidirectional MSP Ring (4f-MS SPRing) Path protection PP 2-fiber unidirectional Path Protection Ring 2-fiber bidirectional Path Protection Ring Sub-network connection protection (SNCP)
Node
Page19
Line Protection

Use in point-to-point or chain networks Switch is within two interconnected nodes

Working Channels
NE A
NE B
NE C
NE D
Protection Channels
Page20
Linear 1+1 MS
Traffic source node sends the traffic on both working and
protection channels (Concurrent sending). Traffic sink node receives the traffic from working channel (Selective receiving).
When the working channel fails, traffic sink node switches to receive the traffic from protection channel
NE A
NE B
Page21
Linear 1+1 MS (Cont.)

Switching Modes
Single-ended (Unidirectional) Dual-ended (Bidirectional)
Restoration Modes
Revertive (WTR Default: 600 sec) Non-revertive
Automatic Protection Switch (APS) protocol is not
required when Single-ended and Non-revertive are selected.

Linear M:N MS
M Protection channels N Working channels
Switching
NE A
Switching
Switching
NE B
Switching
Protection Channel Working Channel 1
Working Channel 2
Working Channel N
Extra Normal traffic traffic
Linear M:N MS (Cont.)
Switching mode:
Bidirectional switching
Restoration mode:
Revertible mode
Page24
Line Protection
Line protection types
Linear 1+1 MS Linear M:N (M=1)
Protection switch criteria:
Signal Fail (SF): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC. Signal Degrade (SD): B2_SD. Externally initiated protection switching command
Network Capacity:
1+1 linear MS: 1 x STM-N. 1:N linear MS without extra traffic: N x STM-N. 1:N linear MSP system with extra traffic: (1+N) x STM-N.
Page25
Questions
Which linear protection type switches the fastest? Which type can carry extra traffic?
Page26
Ring Protection
Ring protection types:

Path protection (PP) Multiplex section protection (MSP)
Traffic directions:
Unidirectional (PP Diversely routed, MSP Dedicated)
Bidirectional (PP Uniformly routed, MSP Shared)
Number of fiber:

2 fiber 4 fiber
Page27
Two-fiber Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (2f-MS SPRing)
Fiber connection and slots requirements:

A
2 fibers Line boards must be inserted
in dual slots
Left line board W Right line board E

OUT C IN
Page28
2f-MS SPRing (Cont.)

Working channel (S): VC4 #1 ~ VC4 #8 S1 S2 Protection channel (P): VC4 #9 ~ VC4 #16 P1 P2
NE A
NE B
2f-MSSPRing STM-16
NE D
NE C
Exploded view of one fiber for STM-16 in 2f-MSSPRing

Section overheads
VC-4 #1 VC-4 #2 VC-4 #3 Working VC-4 #4 channels (S) VC-4 #5 VC-4 #6 VC-4 #7 VC-4 #8 VC-4 #9 VC-4 Protection #10 channels (P) VC-4 #11 VC-4 #12 VC-4 #13 VC-4 #14 VC-4 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. #15
Fiber
Page30
Normal traffic flow between NE A & NE C

S 1
NE A
NE B
2f-MS SPRing STM-16

S 2
NE C
NE D
Page31
Switched traffic flow between NE A & NE C
P2
Bridge & Switch

NE B
NE A
P1
S 2
2f-MS SPRing STM-16 Pass-through

NE C
NE D
S 1
P2
Page32
When fiber is repaired, traffic switches back to working channels after WTR time
S 1
NE A
NE B
2f-MS SPRing STM-16

S 2
NE C
NE D
Page33
Protection switching trigger conditions: APS Signal Failure (SF): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC (Default) Signal Degrade (SD): B2_SD (Optional) Externally initiated protection switching command Forced switch Manual switch Exercise switch Protection switching restoration: APS Clearing of SF: R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC Clearing of SD: B2_SD WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provisionable) External commands Clearing of Forced switch Clearing of Manual switch
Page34
APS controller:
Processes APS protocol, which is carried in the K1, K2 bytes.
Transition of APS controller status

I I I I
I = Idle P = Pass-through S = Switching WTR = Wait to Restore
S S P P WTR
WTR P P
Page35
Features of 2f-MSSPRing:
Advantages:
Time slots can be reused High network capacity: x M x STM-N M is the number of nodes on the ring, STM-N is the STM level
Disadvantages:
Mechanism is complicated Maximum number of nodes on one ring is limited to 16
Application:
Mainly for STM-4 and STM-16 or above systems

Page36
Scattered traffic distribution Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Four-fiber Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (4f-MS SPRing)
Structure:
4 fibers Working channels (fibers) S1, S2, carry normal traffic Protection channels (fibers) P1, P2, protect normal traffic
E
S1 S2 P1 P2
D
Page37
Traffic flow when network is normal:
Working channels = S1, S2 Protection channels = P1, P2
A
AD DA
E
S 1 S 2 P1 P2
DA AD
Page38
Traffic flow after only the working channel (s) is (are) broken :
Span switching
A
AD DA
E
S1 S2 P1 P2
DA AD
Page39
Traffic flow after the working and protection channels are broken:
Ring switching
A
AD DA
E
S1 S2 P1 P2
DA AD
Page40
Protection switching trigger conditions:
Automatic protection switching: Ring or Span
SF (Signal Failure): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD
External initiated protection switching: Ring or Span
Forced switch Manual switch Exercise switch
Page41
Protection switching restoration:
Automatic protection switching: Ring or Span
Clear of SF (Signal Failure): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC Clear of SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provisionable)
External command: Ring or Span
Clear of Forced switch Clear of Manual switch
APS controller status:
Idle Switching Pass-through WTR

Page42
Features of 4f_MSSPRing:
Advantages:
Time slots can be reused High network capacity: M*STM-N
Disadvantages:
Maximum number of nodes on one ring is limited to 16 Mechanism is complicated Expensive
Application:
Mainly STM-16 or above system Scattered traffic distribution Backbone system

Page43
Summary
MSP ring 2f_MSSPRing 4f_MSSPRing Similarity APS protocol necessary Nodes number on MSP ring 16 SCC unit configures MSP protocol Dual slots Bidirectional and dispersed traffics Difference M*STM-N/2 capacity M*STM-N capacity (without extra traffic) (without extra traffic)
Unique span switch

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. K1 & K2 bytes
are in the protection Page44
Two-fiber Unidirectional Path Protection Ring (Diversely Routed PP Ring)
Traffic transmit and receive conditions in normal situation.

out in in
2M
Concurrent sending
out in
out
out
in
B
in out
PP Ring
D
in out
in out
out in
Selective receiving
2M
Page45
Diversely routed pp ring
Traffic transmit and receive conditions in fiber failure situation.

out in in
2M
Concurrent sending
out in
out
out
in
B
in out
PP Ring
D
in out
in out
out in
Selective receiving
2M
Page46
Switchin g
Diversely routed pp ring
Protection switching trigger conditions
TU_AIS, TU_LOP, BIP_EXC
Features:
Every path (2M) switches independently. Restoration mode is revertive.
Page47
Questions
Can the services between stations A and E be protected?

in out in
2M
in
Concurrent sending
out in
out
A
PP
out
in
B
out
D
in out
in out
out in
STM-N
Will the services be selectively received here?
E 2M
Page48
Node protection
Node protection type:
Subnetwork connection protection (SNCP)
Protection features:
Traffic transmit end sends concurrently, receive end receives selectively 2 fiber unidirectional traffic (Diversely routed) 1 + 1 single-ended protection
Protection switching criteria:
Signal fail (SF) Signal degrade (SD) Externally initiated command
Page49
SNCP Proteccin de la conexin de Subred (Subnetwork connection protection )

Sub-Red1
Nodo Inicio de la Conexin de Subred
Conexin de Subred de Trabajo Conexin de Subred de Proteccin Sub-Red 2 Select or
Nodo Terminal de la Conexin de Subred
NE A
NE B
Canal de Trabajo
Canal de Proteccin Conmutaci n Trfico Saliente Puenteo Trfico entrante Conmutaci n Trfico Saliente Puenteo Trfico entrante
Condicin Normal
Canal de Trabajo fallanfo

Page50
SNCP (cont.)
Concurrent sending
Traffic transmit and receive conditions in normal situation.out

in in
2M
in out in
out
out
in
B
out
SNCP Ring
D
in out
Sub-Network 1
in out
out in
Sub-Network 2
Selective receiving
STM-N
2M
SNCP (cont.)
Envo de forma constante
Traffic transmit and receive conditions in fiber failure situation.

Entrada Salida Entrada
2M
Entrad a Salida Entrad a
Salida Salida Entrad a
B
Salida
AnilloSNCP
D
Entrada Salida
Sub-Red 1
in out
out in
Sub-Red 2 Conmutacin
Recepcin selectiva
STM-N
2M
E
Page52
SNCP (cont.)
Protection switching trigger conditions :
Default
AU_AIS, AU_LOP, TU_AIS, TU_LOP, HP_LOM, HP_UNEQ B3_EXC, Unplug the line card
Optional
HP_TIM, HP_SLM, B3_SD
Page53
SNCP (cont.)
Protection Restoration:
Wait to restore time 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provisionable)
S1
S1 P1
A D C
P1 B
A D C
switching
10 minutes later
Page54
Questions
What is the difference between unidirectional (diverse) and bidirectional (uniform) traffics?
What is the difference between SNCP and MSP protection schemes?
Which type of network protection can carry extra traffic?
Page55
Summary
A survivable network is capable of restoring services within a very short time and without any human intervention in the event of a failure.
Linear protection networks can be classified into 1+1 linear MS and 1:N linear MS.
Ring protection networks can be classified into Path Protection (PP) ring, Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) ring.
Sub-Network Protection (SNCP) is used for node protection.

Page56
Summary (cont.)
Item APS protocol Typical services 2f_MSSPRing Necessary Bidirectional and distributed SNCP Unnecessary Unidirectional and centralized Switch level (objective) Suitable networking MS Only ring SNC services Any topology LU, XC
Switching implementing boards LU, XC
Switch time Network Capacity (without extra service) Extra traffic
50ms K*STM-N/2
50ms STM-N
Supported
Page57
Not supported
Summary (cont.)
Equipment Linear MS
Metro 100 Support
2f-MS
4f-MS
PP
SNCP
SPRing SPRing
No No No Support
Metro 200/500
Support
No
No
Support Support
Metro 1000V2
Support
Support
No
Support Support
Metro 1000V3/1050
Support
Support
No
No
Support
Metro 2050/3000 Technologies Co., Ltd. All Support Support Support Support Support rights reserved. Copyright 2006 Huawei Page58
Thank you
www.huawei.com

2 - OTA000006 SDH Networking and Protection ISSUE 1.20

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

2 - OTA000006 SDH Networking and Protection ISSUE 1.20

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SDH Networking and Protection

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the common SDH network topology and features

Explain the protection mechanism

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SDH Network Topologies Survivable networks and their protection mechanisms

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optical Networking Introduction

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chain Star Tree Ring Mesh

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Classification of Topologies (Cont.)

Chain network (Point-to-point or point-to-multi-point

Classification of Topologies (Cont.)

Classification of Topologies (Cont.)

Tree network is mostly used for broadcasted services like CATV.

Classification of Topologies (Cont.)

Classification of Topologies (Cont.)

Classification of Topologies (Cont.)

Other possible combination networks

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

A sub-network functions as a container. It can include

NEs, links and even lower level sub-networks.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SDH Network Topologies Survivable networks and their protection mechanisms

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Survivable Networks Introduction

Causes of network failures

Hardware/software failures: Line unit failure, faulty laser, software crash

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Survivable Networks Introduction (Cont.)

Survivable networks can restore traffic in the event of a failure

Requirements for survivability of network includes

Robust equipment (Strong cross-connect capability, intelligent nodes)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use in point-to-point or chain networks Switch is within two interconnected nodes

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic source node sends the traffic on both working and

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Linear 1+1 MS (Cont.)

Automatic Protection Switch (APS) protocol is not

required when Single-ended and Non-revertive are selected.

Protection Channel Working Channel 1

Linear M:N MS (Cont.)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Line protection types

Linear 1+1 MS Linear M:N (M=1)

Protection switch criteria:

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ring protection types:

Path protection (PP) Multiplex section protection (MSP)

Unidirectional (PP Diversely routed, MSP Dedicated)

Bidirectional (PP Uniformly routed, MSP Shared)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two-fiber Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (2f-MS SPRing)

Fiber connection and slots requirements:

2 fibers Line boards must be inserted