Biosecurity

Protection from exposure to disease What? Why? How?

Biosecurity
A set of management practices which when followed correctly reduce the potential for the introduction and spread of disease causing organisms onto, and between sites.

q From

the perspective of the bird rather than just the farm

Biosecurity
Three Key Levels of Biosecurity
q Conceptual q Structural

Biosecurity

Biosecurity Biosecurity

q Operational

Biosecurity
Conceptual Biosecurity
q Involves

Site planning q Location e.g proximity to other farms, transport etc. q Almost impossible to change once committed without very high cost

Biosecurity
Structural Biosecurity
q Concerns

buildings.

the design of the farm and

q Includes

house design (easy to clean), site layout and security. to change once built.

q Expensive

Biosecurity
Operational Biosecurity
q The

points involved with day to day running of the site. q Includes routine disinfection, control of visitors, source of stock etc. q Can be modified at low cost according to requirements

Disease transmission
q Different

disease causing agents require differing priorities in relation to biosecurity is a direct relationship between where the agent multiplies in the bird and its mode of transmission from one bird to another, or from one site to another

q There

Disease transmission: Respiratory diseases

q high

concentrations in the respiratory tract q +++ mucus q sneezing and coughing q aerosols q e.g. ND, IB, AI, TRT, mycoplasma

Disease transmission: Enteric (gut) diseases

q Diarrhoea q spread q e.g.

via droppings

salmonella, campylobacter, coccidiosis, viruses

Disease transmission: Vertical transmission

q from

breeders q infection via air sac or oviduct q egg contamination q egg transmission q e.g. mycoplasma, salmonella

Disease transmission: Site contamination

q persistent,

resistant organisms litter, equipment,

q contaminate

environment

q e.g.

ILT, Gumboro, Mareks, CAV, many bacteria

Breeder Farm and Hatchery

q Breeding

Stock q Breeding Farm q Egg collection q Farm egg storage q Egg Transport q The Hatchery q Chick delivery

Biosecurity - why?
1. To keep lethal, highly contagious diseases out of premises e.g. Newcastle disease (Fowl Pest), avian influenza, or acute Gumboro disease 2. To reduce challenge by common pathogens known to reduce productivity such as E.coli and coccidiosis

Biosecurity - why?
3. To reduce or eliminate, background immunosuppressive agents such as Mareks disease, chicken anaemia or Gumboro disease, which leave birds susceptible to other disease organisms 4. To reduce contamination with agents of public health significance, such as salmonella or campylobacter

Methods of spread
1. Vermin e.g. salmonella, pasteurella 2. Feed e.g. salmonella, some ND strains 3. Wild birds e.g. mycoplasmas, ND, avian influenza, ?IB, ?TRT, bacteria, worms

Methods of spread
4. Water e.g. E. coli, salmonella, campylobacter 5. Hatchery e.g. salmonella, aspergillus, enterococcus, pseudomonas, mycoplasmas 6. Windborne e.g. IB, ND, TRT, ? mycoplasmas 7. Faecal e.g. Gumboro, ND, salmonella, mycoplasma, viruses

Control Areas Inanimate

1. locate away from other poultry (>5 miles) 2. avoid waterways, ponds or lakes 3. avoid putting birds on range 4. avoid major roads 5. remove litter from farm 6. concrete around houses 7. avoid standing water 8. use potable drinking water with low TVC

Control areas - People

q limit

staff movements q avoid visitors q control site traffic q spray vehicles q adequate protective clothing q BOOTS q hand washing q ?showers

Control areas - poultry

q Obtain

stock from high health status sources. q Carry out regular health monitoring and audits q Carry out daily and proper disposal of deaths / culls.

Control areas - site decontamination

q Effective

cleaning and disinfection q adequate turnaround time q include houses, aprons, equipment q use a closed water system q carry out water sanitisation

Control areas - site decontamination

q Use

a total feed system q carry out regular vermin control q audit efficacy q use only products with proven broad spectrum efficacy

Disease Control Freedom from Disease = Maximum Profits

Hygiene and Biosecurity = The most cost effective method of disease control

STATIC VECTORS
qHousing qEquipment qOrganic

Waste qFeed System qWater System qBuilding Surrounds

MOBILE VECTORS
q Livestock q Humans q Rodents q Other

Animals q Equipment q Transport q Organic Waste q Air Borne

NUTRIENT VECTORS
q Food q Water q (Bedding)

TYPES OF DISINFECTION
q Terminal q Continuous q (Production

Breaks)

STAGE 1 REMOVAL & DRY CLEAN

q Remove

stock

q Equipment q Bedding q Gross q Dust

organic waste

q Reducing q Removal q Use

STAGE 2 CLEANING & SANITISATION

infective material

of dried on matter

a Detergent / Sanitiser to dry afterwards

q Allow

STAGE 3A WATER SYSTEMS

q Drainable

Drain Clean Disinfect Flush

q Non-Drainable

Clean Sanitise

STAGE 3B REMOVABLE EQUIPMENT

q Soak q Scrub

/ Pressure Wash Sanitizer

q Detergent q Disinfect q Dry

STAGE 4 DISINFECTION
q To

remove residual challenge broad spectrum disinfectant all surfaces all cracks & crevices to dry.

q Use

q Cover q Cover q Allow

STAGE 5 AERIAL DISINFECTION

q Covers

inaccessible areas movable equipment first.

q Replace q Can q Fog

be done after bedding is spread. / Fumigate required with formaqldehyde. period

q Safety q Rest

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION
q Control q Foot

Access

& Wheel Dips Sanitization Disinfection Control

q Water q Aerial

q Rodent

Operational Biosecurity
q q q q

Control/restriction of Visitors Strict use of Protective clothing Hand Washing Footdips etc

Egg collection
qTreat

with Care at all stages qHand washing qEgg sanitising qDisinfection and cleaning of egg store

Egg Transport
qHatchery

should dispatch a clean and disinfected vehicle qDriver to observe farm hygiene regulations

Hatchery Biosecurity
q Staff

training and supervision q Defined working areas Clean and Dirty q Clearly defined routines and frequencies. q Hygiene of personnel q Site security

Chick Delivery
qChick

box disinfection qTransport Hygiene qFarm Regulations qDisinfection of returning vehicle and crates

Chick Delivery
qChick

box disinfection qTransport Hygiene qFarm Regulations qDisinfection of returning vehicle and crates

Conclusion
qConsider

a whole qTrained Operatives qMonitoring overall results qRoutine Hatchery Monitoring

the operation as

The Result

Freedom from Disease = Maximum Profits