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What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?

It's a consortium of several companies

What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?

Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices


Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices and services

License
Android is under version 2 of the Apache Software License (ASL)

Versions
Name Cupcake Donut Eclair Version 1.5 1.6 2.1

Froyo
Gingerbread Honeycomb Icecream

2.2
2.3

Smart phone market

Android what is it?

software stack for mobile devices


incl. OS, middleware and key applications

Open source source code is open and contributions are welcome application framework enabling reuse/replacement of apps Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile integrated browser based on webkit Optimized graphics 2D graphics library, 3D based on OPEN GL ES SQLite for data storage Media support (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, JPG, PNG,) Support for radio interfaces, Bluetooth, WiFi, Camera, GPS, accelerometer Software Development Kit (SDK) Preinstalled applications from Google (GMS)
Gmail, Maps, Search, Voice Search, Youtube

Android OS
Fastest growing mobile OS Over 300,000 Android activations a day Android overtook iOS as the dominant OS in US

during 2H 2010 First phone launched HTC G1 in 2008 Currently an OS of choice for Motorola, HTC, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, among others Software updates every few months

Android Architecture

Android
Google Maps and other GMS applications
Background services and applications
allows multi tasking of applications

Shared Data and interprocess communication


All applications are equal
does not discriminate between native and non-native

applications allows any applications to be enhanced/reused

p2p interdevice application messaging

All applications written in Java and converted to the dalvik executable .dex Every android app runs its own process, with its own instance of the dalvik virtual machine Not a traditional JVM, but a custom VM designed to run multiple instances efficiently on a single device VM uses linux kernel to handle low-level functionality incl. security, threading, process and memory management

Dalvik VM

Application Framework
Rich, extensible set of Views
apps can inclused lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, web

browser

Content Providers
allows data access from other applications or share own

data

Resource Manager
access to localized strings, graphics, layout files

Notification Manager
enables custom alerts to be displayed in status bar

Activity Manager
Manages lifecycle of applications and provides

navigation backstack

Android Market

Google Market - Part of GMS apps 3rd party apps submitted to Google, approved and distributed through Market Both Free and Paid apps Apps now limited to 50 MB; updates possible through Market Monetization through ads available Available in many countries, not all countries have support for paid apps Other Market place applications available Amazon has announced its own Android Market place App searches filtered based on Manifest file (eg. if a device does not have trackball, apps using trackball will be filtered out) Every app publishes a list of components the app will access and permissions need to be granted before installation Apps installed on device and SD card (SD Card from Froyo)

Overall evaluation
PROS
There are a host of advantages that Googles Android will derive from being an open source software. Some of the advantages include: The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will come up with such innovative products like the location In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games

Overall evaluation
CONS
Bluetooth limitations o Android doesn't support: Bluetooth stereo Contacts exchange Modem pairing Wireless keyboards But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets, but that's about it Firefox Mobile isn't coming to Android Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form of Java Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that

AndroidG1Software Updates Android 1.0


1.5 Cupcake 1.6 Donuts (CDMA support) 2.0 clair (Droid introduced with clair) 2.2 Froyo 2.3 Gingerbread (SDK released 2 weeks ago and source will follow soon) API Levels used by apps to identify software version on the device Android apps are generally forward compatible with newer version, but not necessarily backwards compatible

The Emulator
QEMU-based ARM emulator Runs the same image as the device
Limitations:
No Camera support

Views

Views

Location Manager

Thank you.

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