ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

SENDER MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER FEEDBACK

SENDER
The sender/ source: Is the human originator of the message

Defines the purpose of the message

MESSAGE
This refers to the content whether verbal [written or spoken] or nonverbal [gestures, movements].

Channel
This refers to the means through which messages are transmitted. The channel answers the question of: how will my audience get the message I wish to send? EXAMPLES: post office, notice board, internet, telephone.

MEDIUM
This refers to the message and the form it takes. EXAMPLES: letter, email, public announcement.

RECEIVER
This refers to the ultimate goal or destination of a message. The receiver decodes and interprets and translates the message.

FEEDBACK
This refers to the response whether negative or positive given by the receiver Feedback can be voluntary or involuntary

ASPECTS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

DESCRIBING THE PROCESS CONCEPTUALIZATION ENCODING SELECTION OF CHANNEL AND MEDIUM DECODING INTERPRETATION GIVING FEEDBACK

CONCEPTUALIZATION
This refers to the initial stage of the message from the minute the sender/ source thinks of transmitting a message

ENCODING
This involves codifying the message or putting the message in a form that can be understood by the intended audience.

The purpose of the communication determines how the message is encoded The audience also will determine how the message is encoded.

SELECTION OF CHANNEL
Once the message has been encoded and the medium has been chosen, the sender has to select a channel through which that message will be conveyed to the receiver [audience]. The selection of channel depends on:
the nature of the message [private or public] the size of the audience Whether or not feedback is required instantly

Selection of channel Contd

Once the context of the situation has been established then a decision must be made on the type of channel selected to send the message.

DECODING
The receiver is the decoder. The receiver uses past experiences, the language, perceptions, opinions, and other clues to decipher the message which has been transmitted by the sender.

INTERPRETATION
This again is an action done by the receiver. The receiver after decoding the message, must interpret either to respond or store the message for future use. It is at this stage that the receiver determines whether or not he understands the transmitted message and when the next stage occurs.

FEEDBACK
When the receiver decodes and interprets the message some feedback/response is given to the sender. Feedback can be immediate or delayed, voluntary or involuntary.

Feedback Contd
Information conveyed in feedback is just as important as the original message since it is this feedback which determines whether or not further communication will take place.

EFFECTIVE VS. INEFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS

BARRIERS Noise is anything that detracts from the message sent and prevents effective communication. In terms of the sender, noise may refer to the senders attitudes, prejudices, frame of reference and language used.

FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS

BARRIERS CONTD In terms of channel, noise may be literal as in traffic noise or static but it may also be a persons speech impediment or lack of clarity in writing or speaking.
Anything

that affects the understanding of the message is known as a barrier.

FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS

FACILITATORS Facilitators in the communication process refer to those things that aid the passing of information and therefore facilitate a mutual understanding.

FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS

FACILITATORS CONTD using the appropriate language, using an effective medium, selecting an appropriate channel and using additional prompts such as visuals are effective facilitators of communication.

THE END ITS TIME TO DO SOME WORK!!!!!!

ASSIGNMENT
1. 2.

How is the selection of media/mediums and channels influenced by technology? How important is technology in communication today? PLEASE DO NOT BE VAGUE!!!!!! I KNOW YOU WILL TRY REALLY HARD TO BE!!!!!!