BYABDULLAH MAHMOOD BT-ET ROLL NO -0809533002

Introduction to BSNL
On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom Operations,

Government of India became a corporation and was christened Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).

Services offered by BSNL are:

Basic Telephone Services

Internet

ISDN
Cellular mobile services(GSM/CDMA)

Wireless in Local Loop.

OVERVIEW OF LANDLINE COMMUNICATION

There are three basic types of landline communication.
Local dialling. STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling).

ISD (International Subscriber Dialling).

LOCAL / WITHIN A CIRCLE COMMUNICATION

STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling)

LANDLINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM STRUCTURE

EXCHANGE LAYOUT
EXCHANGE :
Equipment which effects interconnected of telephones is known as switching equipment. The switching centre, which houses the terminating and switching equipment is called telephone exchange.

PARTS OF EXCHANGE :
Switch Room Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room Input Output processor (IOP) Room Power Plant Room Battery Room Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

VERTICAL SIDE OR LINE SIDE

All the part from vertical side to the subscriber are generally called outdoor section: 1. One vertical has 10 tag blocks. 2. Each tag block has 10 rows and each row has 10 tags. So each tag block has 100 tags. 3. Connection between vertical side & subscribers are provided by jelly filled cables. 4. These wires are first terminated in cabinet box, then according to requirements the group of the wires (e.g. 200 wires, 100 wires etc.) is terminated in pillar box .

LEN SIDE
All the parts from LEN to the exchange is called indoor section.
The connection of subscriber from exchange is terminated on this side of MDF. In 1 tag block there are 128 tags. Each tag block is divided in 4 segments. That is 0, 1,2 & 3 and in each segments.

E.W.S.D
Various Hardwares of

EWSD are as follows: 1.DLU(Remote & Local) 2.LTG 3.SN 4.CP 5.CCNC

CONNECTIO N OF 1-LDLU & 2-RDLU TO SWITCHING NETWORK

BROADBAND COMMUNICATION

GSM COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE

A GSM Communication System structure comprises three

following parts. 1.Mobile Station. 2.Base Station Subsystem(BSS). 3.Network/Switching Subsystem(NSS). 4.Operation and Maintenance Subsystem(OMS). A GSM Network Structure comprises the following areas. 1.GSM service area. 2. PLMN service area. 3.MSC service area. 3. Location area. 5.Cells

A GSM Communication System structure is shown below.

GSM Services
Basic Services.
1.Bearer services 2.Tele-services

Supplementary services.
1.Call forwarding service 2.Call Restriction service. 3.Call completion service. 4.Number identification services.

BTS-BSC Interface

Differences between GSM/DCS PLMN and PSTN:

PSTN
The terminal equipment is

GSM/DCS PLMN
The mobile subscriber

connected via a fixed line to the exchange. From a network operators point of view, a subscriber is synonymous with its subscriber line.

accesses the network via a digital radio interface.

A mobile subscriber

identifies itself by means of a personal chip card. In order to make a call, the subscriber only needs to insert this card in any GSM mobile equipment.

Fiber Optics Communication

Transmitting communications signals over hair thin strands of

glass or plastic.
Single fiber can carry more communications than the giant

copper cable.
Features of Optical cables are :

Economic, Speed, Distance, Freedom from interference, Security, Electrical isolation.

Applications of optical communication

Telephones Internet

LANs - local area

networks CATV - for video, voice and Internet connections Utilities - management of power grid Security - closed-circuit TV and intrusion sensors

Conclusion
In the practical training for a period of 4 WEEKS , I have learned a lot about the present scenario in the field of communication. I have gained knowledge about the technology used by the company like landline communication,GSM,CDMA and fiber optic communication.

THANK YOU