BASIC APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

By Ms. Vidhita Sinha

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Leadership Vs. Management LEADERSHIP: The ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals.

Not all leaders are managers, not all managers are leader.
Leaders can emerge from within a group as well as by formal appointment to lead a group.

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Need of leader Need of Manager

TRAIT THEORIES: that consider personal qualities and characteristics

Theories

that differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

Strong leaders

like- buddha, napolean, have all been

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described in terms of their traits.(BIG 5 TRAITS)

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BEHAVIORAL THEORIES

OHIO STATE STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDIES

THE MANAGERIAL GRID

INITIATING STRUCTURE

CONSIDERATION

EMPLOYEE ORIENTED

PRODUCTION ORIENTED

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THE MANAGERIAL GRID

A

nine-by-nine matrix outlining 81 different leadership styles.(also called leadership grid)

(9,9)- best performance style (9,1)- authority type (1,9)- laissez-faire type

HIGH

LOW

Concern for people

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LOW

Concern for production

HIGH

CONTINGENCY THEORIES
Fiedler contingency model: The

theory that effectively groups

depend on a proper match between a leaders style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader.

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 Identifying leadership style: fielder

believes a key factor in

leadership success is the individuals basic style.

Least preferred coworker questionnaire(LPC): an

instrument

that purports to measure whether a person is task or

relationship oriented.

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 DEFINING THE I.

SITUATION:

Leader-member relation.: the degree of confidence, trust, and

respect members have in their leader.

II.

Task structure.: the degree to which the job assignments are

procedurized (that is structured or unstructured).

III.

Position power.: the degree of influence a leader has over power variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases.

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COGNITIVE RESOURCE THEORY A theory of leadership that states that stress unfavorably affects a situation and that intelligence and experience can lessen the influence of stress on the leader.

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HERSEY AND BLANCHARDS SITUATIONAL THEORY

The term readiness, has been defined by Hersey and Blanchard, refers to the extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task.

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LMX Theory
Personal compatibility ,subordinate competence, and/or extraverted personality

LEADER

IN-GROUP

OUT-GROUP

SUBORDIN ATE A

SUBORDIN ATE B

SUBORDIN ATE C

SUBORDIN ATE D

SUBORDIN ATE E

SUBORDIN ATE F

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The PATH-GOAL Theory

The directive leader The supportive leader The participative leader

The achievement-oriented leader

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Leader-Participation Model

Importance of the decision

Importance of obtaining follower commitment to the decision Whether the leader has sufficient information to make a good decision How well structured the problem is
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Whether an autocratic decision would receive follower commitment Whether followers buy into the organizations goals Whether there is likely to be conflict among follower over solution alternatives Whether followers have the necessary information to make a good decision
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Time constraints on the leader that may limit follower involvement Whether costs to bring geographically dispersed members together is justified

Importance to the leader of minimizing the time it takes to

make the decision

Importance of using participation as a tool for developing

follower decision skills
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THANK YOU

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