Chapter 7 Acids and Bases

Chapter 7:
Learning Objectives 6.1 Meaning of acid, base and alkali- Properties of acids and bases 6.2 Strength of acids and alakalispH Scale 6.3 Concentration Preparation of Standard Solution 6.4 Neutralizationn Process
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Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Reactions
Acid + Base Salt + Water
(Aqueous Solution) Solute + Solvent Solution e.g: salt + water salt solution

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Concentration
of Acids and Alkalis
1. The concentration of a solution determine the amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution. 2. The greater the amount of solute dissolved, the higher the concentration of the solution. 3. Three types of solution: a) dilute solution : 0.001 mol dm-3. b) concentrated solution:1.0 mol dm-3 c) saturated solution : maximum solute dissolved
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Concentration
of Acids and Alkalis
The concentration of a solution refers to the quantity of solute (gram or moles) in a given volume of solution (dm3).

Concentration = (g/ dm3)

Concentration = (mol/ dm3)

Mass of solute (g) Volume of solution (dm3)

Mass of solute (mol) Volume of solution (dm3)
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Molarity
The concentration unit that is widely used by chemist is molarity (mol/ dm3) or molar concentration (M)

Molarity is the number of moles of solute that are present in 1 dm-3 of solution.
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Concentration = (mol/ dm3)

Mass of solute (mol) Volume of solution (dm3)

Find the molarity of the following solution. 1. 0.5 mole of sodium chloride dissolved in 1 dm3 of distilled water. 2. 0.2 mole of copper (II) sulphate dissolved in 250 cm3 of distilled water. 3. 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 500 cm3 of distilled water.
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Concentration@Molarity = (mol/ dm3)

Mass of solute (mol) Volume of solution (dm3)

Questions 1. 0.5 mole of sodium chloride dissolved in 1 dm3 of distilled water.

Answers

2. 0.2 mole of copper (II) sulphate dissolved in 250 cm3 of distilled water.
3. 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 500 cm3 of distilled water.

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Molarity (mol/ dm3)

X Molar Mass Molar Mass

Concentration (g/ dm3)

1. 0.2 mole of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 250 cm3 of water. (Relative formula mass of NaOH, 40). Calculate the concentration of the solution obtained in units of : a) g/ dm3 b) mol/ dm3

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Molarity (mol/ dm3)

X Molar Mass Molar Mass

Concentration (g/ dm3)

2. 0.98 g of sulphuric acid is dissolved in 200 cm3 of water. (Relative formula mass of H2SO4, 98). What is the concentration of the sulphuric acid obtained in units of : a) g/ dm3 b) mol/ dm3

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Molarity (mol/ dm3)

X Molar Mass Molar Mass

Concentration (g/ dm3)

3. Calculate the mass of sodium nitrate to be added in 100 cm3 of water to produce a solution with concentration of 0.02 mol dm-3 . (Relative formula mass : 85) 4. 0.45 g of glucose is added in to 100 cm3 to prepare a glucose solution with the concentration of 0.025 mol dm-3 . Calculate the relative molecular mass of glucose.
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Molarity = Number of moles of solute (mol) (mol/ dm3) Volume of solution (dm3) M = n/V
n = MV M = Molarity (mol/ dm3) n = number of moles of solute (mol) V = Volume of solution (dm3)

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