ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS

IN THE

PHILIPPINES
Presentation by Kareen Gancio

Tonight we will
Identify and briefly describe the different ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines Present some current issues concerning these groups

ethnicity
Ethnic Groups
Group distinguished by (shared among members of that group) and

cultural similarities

differences (between that group and others); ethnic group members share beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms, and a common language, religion, history, geography, kinship, and/or race.
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072500506/student_view0/glossary.html

Ethnicity vs. Nationality

nationality can be termed as a legal concept ethnicity can be termed as a cultural concept
http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/politics/difference-between-ethnicity-and-nationality/

Ethnic Groups in the Philippines

Tri-people:
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES/ETHNIC MINORITIES AND POVERTY REDUCTION PHILIPPINES, 2002 Report

Christians Muslims Tribal groups

I. Lowland Christians Settlers Whose ancestors are lowland indigenous people who converted to Christianity

I. Lowland Christians Settlers

Speaks Malayo-polynesian

languages

The speakers of this language family are

originated in southern China (the Yellow River valleys) and migrated via Taiwan into the islands of the Philippines (about
thought to have 2500BC), Indonesia and out into the Pacific (about 1000BC).

I. Lowland Christians Settlers

language was the main point of internal differentiation, but the
majority interacted and intermarried regularly across linguistic lines

http://countrystudies.us/philippines/35.htm

CIA World Factbook

(2000 census)

Tagalog 28.1% Cebuano 13.1% Ilocano 9% Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6% Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5% Bikol 6% Waray 3.4% other 25.3%

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html

http://www.worldofmaps.net/uploads/pics/karte-sprachen-philippinen.jpg

 has over a

170 languages and

4 that have no known remaining speakers

http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/languages/

II.Lowland Muslim settlers (Moros)

Islam

Mindanao area There are at least 13 Islamized ethnolinguistic groups indigenous to Mindanao (Moro Nation)
Concentrated in the

II.Lowland Muslim settlers (Moros)

13 groups are: 1) 2) 3) 4) Maranaw Maguindanao Tausug Yakan

II.Lowland Muslim settlers (Moros)

5) 6) 7) 8)

Samal Sangil Molbog Kalibugan

II.Lowland Muslim settlers (Moros)

9) Kalagan 10) Palawani 11) Iranun 12) Jama Mapun 13) Badjao

II.Lowland Muslim settlers (Moros)

Only 5 provinces and one city remain Muslim enclaves
Sulu Tawi-Tawi Basilan Lanao del Sur Maguindanao Marawi City

ARMM
ARMM was created in 1989 by virtue of The Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (RA 6734). RA 9054 amended RA 6734 in 2001. The amended law expanded ARMM's area of autonomy. In a plebiscite, Basilan and Marawi City (in Lanao del Sur) opted to join ARMM.

ARMM
ARMM powers and basic principles
a) As stated in

RA 9054, ARMM "shall remain an integral and inseparable part of the national territory of the Republic".

ARMM
ARMM powers and basic principles
b) The

President exercises general supervision over the Regional Governor.

ARMM
ARMM powers and basic principles
c) The Regional

Government has the power to create its own

sources of revenues and to levy taxes,

subject to Constitutional provisions and the provisions of RA 9054.

fees, and charges,

ARMM
ARMM powers and basic principles
d) The

Shari ah applies only to Muslims; its applications are limited by pertinent constitutional provisions
(prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment).

http://www.gmanews.tv/story/112847/ARMM-history-and-organization

http://www.mindanaomaps.com/Mindamaps/MindaRegions.png

III. Indigenous Group

2 significant characteristics of indigenous peoples are observed 2002 Poverty Reduction Report):
(ADB

III. Indigenous Group

2 significant characteristics of indigenous peoples are observed 2002 Poverty Reduction Report):
(ADB

1) descent from population groups present in a

before modern states or territories were created and

given area, most often before modern borders were defined

III. Indigenous Group

2 significant characteristics of indigenous peoples are observed 2002 Poverty Reduction Report):
(ADB

2) maintenance of cultural identities; and social economic, cultural, and political institutions

separate from mainstream or dominant societies and cultures

III. Indigenous Group

ADBs working definition those with a

social or cultural identity distinct from the dominant or mainstream society, which makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the processes of development.

IPRA Indigenous People Republic Act 1997, RA No. 8371

AN ACT TO RECOGNIZE, PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, CREATING A NATIONAL COMMISSION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, ESTABLISHING IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE A group of people or homogeneous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, nonindigenous religions and cultures, become historically differentiated from the majority

ICCs/IPs [indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples] shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of nonindigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their

Historical continuity
occupation of ancestral lands/domains (or at least part of them) common ancestry with the original occupants of these lands culture in general, or specific manifestations of it language and residence whether in their lands of origin or evicted from it

Self-identification & Group membership

weaved by the peoples attachment to land and territory

III. Indigenous Group

distribution (NCIP population estimate in 1998):

Mindanao 61% Luzon 33% Visayas 6%

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Indigenous_Peoples/PHI/

III. Indigenous Group

7 ethnographic areas (set by IPRA) 1. Region 1 and CAR 2. Region 2 3. The rest of Luzon (R3, part of R4, & R5) 4. Island groups (part of R4, R6, 7, & 8) 5. Northern and Western Mindanao (R9[Zamboanga Peninsula] & R10 [Northern
Mindanao]

6. Southern and Eastern Mindanao (R11 [Davao Region] & R13 [Caraga] 7. Central Mindanao (R12 [SOCCSKSARGEN])

III. Indigenous Group

Common subsistence

swidden and wet-rice cultivation, hunting, fishing, gathering, and the trade of locally manufactured items

WHO ARE THE POOR?

being unable to invite a wide circle of relatives and clan members to a feast, sida or pedit.

being unable to invite a wide circle of relatives and clan members to a feast, sida or pedit.
Kankanaeys in Cordillera

we are poor only because others say we are poor.

we are poor only because others say we are poor.

Higaonon in Bukidnon

The nearest terms akin to poverty are: Agkapulog - they do not have money to buy certain things they need, but this condition does not necessarily indicate that food is scarce tingauhol - seasonal hunger. Although food is limited during this period, the situation is temporary and can be mitigatedc)

kalugan - person in a state of difficulty: while walking through a steep and narrow terrain, when food is scarce, when a conflict is unresolved, or when violence is experienced

kaubong-ubong
one who is practically without any living area and who does not attend to his/her physical appearance (e.g., does not take a bath). Individuals are said to be in this state because they reside in the interior areas and do not participate in community activities

kaubong-ubong
one who is practically without any living area and who does not attend to his/her physical appearance (e.g., does not take a bath). Individuals are said to be in this state because they reside in the interior areas and do not participate in community activities

they are not poor, but are living in difficult circumstances brought about specifically by loss of land and access to resource

they are not poor, but are living in difficult circumstances brought about specifically by loss of land and access to resource
Lumads (generally)

poor = squatters who have no land

Lumads (generally)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

Datus and others who comprise the Council of Elders. The Datus have specialized skills
Recognized in the area are two main recognized and respected by the community. Collectively, they take charge of

ceremonial functions, conflict resolution, and healing functions.

In effect, they make the major decisions concerning the community.

(The Higaonon)

Datu is the center of governance and conflict resolution. Common issues

the are

murder, adultery, theft, and unpaid debts. (Ata-Manobo community in Davao)

The Datu should have goodness and strength of character, be helpful to the community in development plans and services, generate respect and trust from the group, and look after the peace in the community.

The Datus power is inherited but there is also a selection process to identify an individual worthy of the position among offspring and close relatives. The Bae or wife of the Datu is also respected and has important leadership functions.

Most Common Issues

1)Economic 2)Cultural

Tonight we
Identified and briefly described the different ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines

Tonight we
Identified and briefly described the different ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines Presented some current issues concerning these groups