Diploma in Hotel Operations and Management

Define the term management List and explain the 4 functions of management Explain why society requires organisations and managers to be effective List the attributes of managerial responsibility Define the difference between efficiency and effectiveness Identify what is meant by top, middle, and first-line managers, and functional and general managers, and explain the difference of work activities. Define the word process Explain the difference between a Functional and a General Manager

DEFINING MANAGEMENT

Definition of management Management is the process of planning, organising, leading, and controlling the efforts of organisation members and of using all other organisational resources to achieve stated organisation goals. Definition of a process A process is a systematic way of doing things

Process of identifying and selecting appropriate organizational goals and courses of action
Planning implies that
managers think through their goals and actions in advance. Their actions are usually based on some method, plan, or logic, rather than on a hunch.

Task managers perform to create a structure of working relationships that allow organizational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals

Organising means that

managers co-ordinate the human and material resources of the organisation. The effectiveness of an organisation depends on its ability to marshal its resources to attain its goals. Obviously, the more integrated and co-ordinated the work of an organisation, the more effective it will be. Achieving this co-ordination is part of the managers job.

Articulating a clear organizational vision for its members to accomplish, and energize and enable employees so that everyone understands the part they play in achieving organizational goals

Leading describes how managers direct and influence subordinates, getting others to perform essential tasks. By establishing the proper atmosphere, they help their subordinates do their best.

Task of managers is to evaluate how well an organization has achieved its goals and to take any corrective actions needed to maintain or improve performance

Controlling means that

managers attempt to assure that the organisation is moving towards its goals. If some part of their organisation is on the wrong track if it is not working toward stated goals or is not doing so effectively managers try to find out why and set things straight.

Organisations Serve Society Organisations Accomplish Objectives

Organisations Preserve Knowledge

Many organizationsand the other people who manage themhave been responsible for achievements ranging from the conquest of outer space to the invention of computers

coordinating the efforts of different individuals to achieve goals

as universities, museums, and corporation

Organisations Provide Careers

they provide their employees with a source of livelihood and satisfaction

Managers work with and through other people. Managers are responsible and accountable. Managers balance competing goals and set priorities. Managers must think analytically and conceptually. Managers are mediators Managers are politicians.. Managers are diplomats. Managers are symbols. Managers make difficult decisions

Efficiency is: the ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving goals 2. doing things right 3. the ability to get things done correctly
1.

Effectiveness is: the ability to determine appropriate objectives: doing the right things. 2. is the ability to choose appropriate objectives
1.

First-Line Managers - The lowest level in an organisation at which individuals are responsible for the work of others is called first-line or first-level management. First-line managers direct operating employees only; they do not supervise other managers. Middle Managers - The term middle management can include more than one level in an organisation. Middle managers direct the activities of lower-level managers and sometimes also those of operating employees. Middle managers principal responsibilities are to direct the activities that implement their organisations policies and to balance the demands of their superiors with the capacities of their subordinates

Top Managers - Composed of a comparatively small group of executives, top management is responsible for the overall management of the organisation. It establishes operating policies and guides the organisations interactions with its environment.

General Manager

Functional manager Rooms Division

Functional manager Food & Beverage

Functional manager Marketing

The functional manager is responsible for only one organisational activity, such as production, marketing, sales, or finance. The people and activities headed by a functional manager are engaged in a common set of activities.

The general manager, on the other hand, oversees a complex unit, such as a company, a subsidiary, or an independent operating division. He or she is responsible for all the activities of that unit, such as its production, marketing, sales and finance.

System 1 - Exploitative Authoritative: System 2 - Benevolent Authoritative: System 3 Consultative System 4 - Participative:

 Decisions are imposed on sub-ordinates Motivation is characterised by threats High levels of management have great responsibilities but low levels have virtually none Very little communication No joint teamwork

 Leadership is through a condescending form of master-servant trust Motivation mainly by rewards Managers feel responsibility but lower levels do not Little communication Relatively little teamwork

 Leadership is by people who have substantial but not complete trust in their subordinates Motivation is by rewards A high percentage of employees feel responsible for achieving organisational goals Some communication Moderate amount of teamwork

 Optimum solution Leadership is by superiors who have complete confidence in their subordinates Motivation is by economic rewards based on goals which have been set in participation All personnel feel real responsibility for organisational goals Much communication Substantial amount of co-operative teamwork Ideal for profit orientated and human concerned organisations This system will bring about the desired results listed below

Skilled staff with leadership abilities Relaxed working relationships Loyalty and Trust Norms, values and goals of the group Effective groups who are committed to achieving the organisational goals Employees are seen as individuals with own needs and desires and values Motivation is not by threats ( Old system ) Mutual respect and supportive relationships