Wimax Technology overview

Prepared By:Kishan Singh Rawat

Training Agenda
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.

Wimax standards Examples of Customer equipment/base station equipment Wimax interfaces Network architecture Technology Multi-Antenna Techniques Mobile WiMAX QoS Support Initial Network Entry for SS

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Evolution of Standards

IEEE 802.16 (2001) (LMDS) Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System MAC and PHY Specifications for 10 66 GHZ (LoS)

One PHY: Single Carrier Connection-oriented, TDM/TDMA MAC, QoS, Privacy

IEEE 802.16a (January 2003) (MMDS) Amendment to 802.16, MAC Modifications and Additional PHY Specifications for 2 11 GHz (NLoS)

Three PHYs: OFDM, OFDMA, Single Carrier Additional MAC functions: OFDM and OFDMA PHY support, Mesh topology support, ARQ Combines both IEEE 802.16 and 802.16a Some modifications to the MAC and PHY Amendment to 802.16-2004 MAC Modifications for limited mobility
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IEEE 802.16d (July 2004) (Wimax d)

IEEE 802.16e (November 2005) (Wimax e)

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Subscriber Station types

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Base Station view

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Inside View of BTS

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Comparison of cellular technologies and Wi-MAX

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WiMAX Interfaces

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WiMAX Interfaces

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WiMAX Network Architecture

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WiMAX Network Architecture

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 1-The Mobile WiMAX Air Interface adopts OFDMA.

2-IEEE 802.16e supports scalable channel bandwidths from

1.25 to 20 MHz.

3- Release-1 of Mobile WiMAX profiles will cover 5, 7, 8.75, and 10 MHz channel bandwidths for licensed worldwide spectrum allocations in the 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz frequency bands.

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OFDMA Subcarrier Structure

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1-Subcarriers is referred to as the FFT size. FFT sizes of 512,1024 &2048 2-Data: Data transport QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM symbols for control and bearer data

3-Pilot: Transport known pilot symbol sequence (frequently at elevated power level)
to permit channel estimation and coherent demodulation at receiver 4-DC: suppressed to support direct-conversion receivers 5-Guard: suppressed level and permits spectrum shaping

System Channel Bandwidth (MHz)

1.25

8.75

10

20

FFT Size (NFFT)

128

512

1024

1024

1024

2048

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OFDMA Frame Structure

Two basic frame structures are defined-- Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). Only the TDD mode, whose basic frame structure is shown in Figure will be supported in the WMX1.0 and WMX2.0 releases

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OFDMA Frame Structure The TTG provides the delay necessary for the AP transmitter to dekey, the MSS transmitter to key up, in addition to providing for the round trip transmission delay for a given cell size. The RTG is needed to facilitate Tx/Rx mode changes in both the AP & MSS. The duration of the Downlink and Uplink sub frames is configurable as long as the total duration of all 4 frame subcomponents is exactly 5ms.

TDD enables adjustment of the downlink/uplink ratio to efficiently support asymmetric downlink/uplink traffic, while with FDD, downlink and uplink always have fixed and generally, equal DL and UL bandwidths.

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OFDMA Frame Structure

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OFDMA Frame Structure

Preamble: The preamble, used for synchronization, is the first OFDM symbol of the frame
Frame Control Header (FCH): The FCH follows the preamble. It provides the frame configuration information such as MAP message length and coding scheme and usable sub-channels. DL-MAP and UL-MAP: The DL-MAP and UL-MAP provide sub-channel allocation and other control information for the DL and UL sub-frames respectively. UL Ranging: The UL ranging sub-channel is allocated for mobile stations (MS) toper form closed-loop time, frequency, and power adjustment as well as bandwidth requests. UL CQICH: The UL CQICH channel is allocated for the MS to feedback channel state information.

UL ACK: The UL ACK is allocated for the MS to feedback DL HARQ acknowledge.

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Multi-Antenna Techniques

Several Options for using MIMO in WiMax. Two broad Categories Open Loop MIMO

Closed Loop MIMO

Open Loop MIMO includes Space Time Block Coding or MIMO-A and Spatial Multiplexing Multiple Data Stream or MIMO-B. The transmitter using Open Loop MIMO does not require explicit information of the fading channel. For Closed Loop MIMO, a transmitter forms antenna beams adaptively based on channel side information. These technologies are commonly referred to as Transmitter Adaptive Antenna Array (Tx-AA) A description of these technologies and a comparison between them has been presented in the following slides

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Multi-Antenna Techniques

MIMO-A Enhancing Coverage Multi-Antenna

Techniques

Single data stream is replicated and transmitted over multiple antennas. The redundant data streams are each encoded using mathematical algorithm called Space Time Block Coding such that each transmitted signal is orthogonal to the rest. With the multiple transmissions of the coded data streams there is an increased opportunity for the receiver to identify a strong signal that is less adversely affected by multi path.

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Multi-Antenna Techniques

With Matrix-B, the signal to be transmitted is split into multiple data stream and each data stream is transmitted from a different transmit antenna operating in the same time-frequency resource allocated for the receiver. In the presence of a multi path environment, the multiple signals will arrive at the receiver antenna with sufficiently different spatial signatures allowing the receiver to discern the multiple data streams. This spatial multiplexing provides a very capable means of increasing the channel capacity.

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Multi-Antenna Techniques

Multi-Antenna Techniques

BF Techniques leverage arrays of Tx and Rx antennas to control the directionality and shape of the radiation pattern. Based on the understanding of the channel characteristics the WiMax Base Station utilizes signal processing techniques to calculate weights to be assigned to each transmitter controlling the relative phase and amplitude of the signals. BF techniques allow the WiMax system to realize increased range in the desired direction of communication and better connectivity with the device.

Narrower beam width and reduced interference increase the capacity and throughput offered by the system.

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Mobile WiMAX QoS Support

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Initial Network Entry for SS

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Initial Network Entry for SS Scan for downlink channel and establish synchronization with the BS. Obtain Downlink parameters

Obtain Uplink parameters.

Perform ranging. Negotiate basic capabilities.

Authorize MSS and perform key exchange.

Perform registration. Establish IP connectivity. Establish time of day. Transfer operational parameters. Setup connections.
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DHCP Entry for SS

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THANK YOU

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