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Hardware
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In this chapter, we will study:
The hardware components of an information system:
CPU (central processing unit) Memory (primary and secondary storage) Input devices Output devices.
Hardware : An Introduction
Hardware: any machinery (most of which use digital circuits) that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output activities of an information system
Computer System
The CPU
Control ALU Unit
Input Devices
Registers
Output Devices
Primary Storage
Communication Devices
Secondary Storage
The CPU
A microprocessor that executes instructions to perform processing tasks. Component parts are:
Control Unit Arithmetic-Logic Unit Registers Primary Storage
The CPU
Control ALU Unit
The CPU
Control ALU Unit
Execution of an Instruction
CPU Architecture
Multiprocessing: simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time Multiprocessing using coprocessors
Coprocessor: speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity
Parallel Computing
Parallel computing: simultaneous execution of the same task on multiple processors to obtain results faster Parallel Processing Pipelining
Other Architectures
CISC( Complex Instruction Set Computer) RISC ( Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
Computer Memory
The CPU
Control ALU Unit
Input Devices
Registers
Output Devices
Primary Storage
Communication Devices
Secondary Storage
Types of Memory
Random access memory (RAM)
Temporary and volatile
Types of RAM
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) SRAM (Static RAM)
Cache memory: high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory
SRAM
Cache Memory