Renaissance and Reformation

World History Define Renaissance Renaissance Rebirth of classical ideas. The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in many areas political, social, economic and cultural. Emphasis placed on the achievements of individual human beings.

The Renaissance Began in Italy

Renewed interest in Roman literature and life. Ruins of Roman empire dotted the Italian countryside. Crusades and trade with the Middle East Brought Italians into contact with Byzantine civilization. Increased trade brought wealth and wealth brought the leisure time to pursue other interests. Byzantine scholars had preserved much learning from classical Greece and Rome. The Pope made Rome the capitol of the Catholic Church in the West.

Humanism

Define humanism Humanism intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues. Humanists were usually Christians who believed that the individual in the here and now had an important role to play. Education was important. Emphasis on individual achievement. Emphasis on classical Greek and Roman texts.

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art Leonardo

Leonardo da Vinci (1452) artist (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper), inventor ( helicopter, weapons, music box, many more), architect, botanist, musician, anatomy, optics, engineering.

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art Leonardo

La Giaconda: The Mona L

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art Leonardo

Helicopter

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art Leonardo

Trebuchet

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo

Michelangelo Italian painter and sculptor. Total realism in art. Pieta and David. Murals on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo

The Pieta

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo

The David Flore

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo

Italian Genius of Renaissance Writing - Machiavelli

Machiavelli published a book in 1513, The Prince. Theorized about how a perfect ruler would govern. Stressed that the end justifies the means. Urged rulers to use whatever means necessary to achieve their goals.

The Northern Renaissance

Renaissance moved to France, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Erasmus Dutch priest and Humanist. Called for a translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular of each nation, so that common people could read it. He was disturbed by the corruption in the Catholic Church and called for reform.

Genius Writers of the Northern Renaissance

William Shakespeare England. Playwright between 1590-1613. Wrote about the actual human condition of his time. Cervates Spain. Novelist. Wrote Don Quixote.

The Printing Revolution

Printing Press allowed new ideas to spread more easily. Spread from China to Middle East to Europe. Gutenberg: invented a new type of printing press. Used movable type. Books suddenly within reach of ordinary person.

Protestant Reformation

Selling indulgences - The Church taught that most Christians after death went to purgatory to suffer a time of punishment for their sins before going to heaven. Indulgences were intended to remit a part of that time. They were granted previous to death by the Church for various good works that came to include monetary offerings. This last became very controversial because it appeared that the Church was selling the right to avoid all or part of an individuals time in purgatory.

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther Catholic priest in Germany who Protested the corruption in the church and proposed reform. Published 95 Theses. Was excommunicated Began his own church Lutheran Church Translated Bible into German.

Protestant Reformation

Anglican Church (textbook, page 351) Protestant Church in England. Begun by Henry VIII in 1534.

Protestant Reformation

Anglican Church (textbook, page 351) Protestant Church in England. Begun by Henry VIII so he could divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.

Protestant Reformation

Anglican Church (textbook, page 351) Protestant Church in England. Begun by Henry VIII so he could divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry married Anne Boleyn, whom he had beheaded only a few years later.

The Church of England

Between 1536 and 1540, Henry had monasteries and convents closed. When Henry died in 1547, his 10 year old son Edward became king. He ruled only 5 years. Henrys Catholic daughter Mary I came to the throne. Tried to return England to Catholicism. Burned dissenters at the stake. Bloody Mary

The Church of England

Between 1536 and 1540, Henry had monasteries and convents closed. When Henry died in 1547, his 10 year old son Edward became king. He ruled only 5 years. Henrys Catholic daughter Mary came to the throne. Tried to return England to Catholicism. Burned dissenters at the stake. Bloody Mary When Mary died in 1558, Henrys Protestant daughter Elizabet took the throne. She returned England to Protestantism.

Scientific Revolution

Copernicus heliocentric theory. (page 357)

Scientific Revolution

Copernicus heliocentric theory. (page 357) Kepler mathematically proved Copernicus theory of planetary motion. Galileo suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching the theory.

Scientific Revolution

Copernicus heliocentric theory. (page 357) Kepler mathematically proved Copernicus theory of planetary motion. Galileo suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching the theory. Leeuwenhoek Microscope/ discovered bacteria Hooke cell theory Boyle Father of Modern Chemistry. Priestly discovered oxygen as an element

Scientific Revolution

Copernicus heliocentric theory. (page 357) Kepler mathematically proved Copernicus theory of planetary motion. Galileo suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching the theory. Leeuwenhoek Microscope/ discovered bacteria Hooke cell theory Boyle Father of Modern Chemistry. Priestly discovered oxygen as an element Newton laws of physics and gravity.