Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Presentation by Ajay Chhibber, Director and Patrick G. Grasso, Adviser, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank DCF-Vienna High Level Symposium April 19-20, 2007 Vienna, Austria
I.
II.
What factors have led to high-quality results in sectors that deliver services to the poor? What measures have helped raise the accountability of public institutions responsible for delivering and sustaining results? What is happening to Aid Flows and Aid Coordination?
III.
IV.
2
2 2 2 2
OECD average 1980-2006 2
1960s
1970s
2 2
-2 -2
Middle-income
Source: World Bank
3
1980s 1990s
2001/6
Low-income
Sub-Saharan Africa
-2
22 22 22 22 22 22
22 2
22 2
2 East Asia and Pacific China Europe Latin Middle and America East and Central and North Asia Caribbean Africa South Asia SubSaharan Africa World World Excluding China
Poverty Reduction Remains A Significant Challenge Even In Countries With Positive Growth Rates
Positive Per Capita Income Growth between the mid-1990s and early-2000s did not always lead to Poverty Reduction in 25 countries reviewed by IEG
2 2 Number of countries 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
H hg w ig ro th
L wg w o ro th P v rty re u d oe d ce
Note: High growth=average annual per capita GDP growth rate of >2.5%, moderate growth=average annual per capita GDP growth of 0%-2.5%, low growth= average annual per capita GDP growth <0% between household survey years in the mid-1990s and 2001-05. Country group includes all countries for which IEG carried out a CAE or CASCRR in FY03-06 and for which comparable poverty data is available in DECRGs Povcal database for mid-1990s and 2001-05 Source: ARDE 2006 7
Cameroon
Moldova
Armenia
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Ukraine
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
Madagascar
Honduras
Georgia
Bolivia
Lithuania
Senegal
China-Urban
Albania
China-Rural
Romania
Dominican Republic
Sri Lanka
Turkey
Jordan
Peru
-2 -2 -2
Brazil
Zambia
Uruguay
Pakistan
Poverty reduction requires attention to both growth and opportunities for the poor
Growth is necessary but not sufficient for poverty reduction. Extent to which the poor participate in growth depends upon literacy infrastructure, job creation health access to environment initial income inequality credit Burkina Faso: Modest annual growth delivered impressive poverty reduction based mainly on increases in farm production where the poor live and how they earn their income what constrains growth in those areas and sectors constraints to inter-sectoral mobility such as low skills or lack of access to capital, infrastructure or markets
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2. 2 2 2 2. 2 2 2 22 .2 22 .2 22 .2 22 .2 22 .2
II.
1. Improve the policy environment 2. Integrate complementary actions from different sectors 3. Adapt to political and capacity realities 4. Combine short- and long-term objectives
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2 IDA countries 2
Between 2& 22 .
Below 2
The 18 countries with the best overall policies had 82% of projects rated satisfactory Sector policies matter, as well as the overall policy framework. Individual projects have more impact if anchored in an appropriate and country-owned sector strategy.
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14
Poverty Reduction Strategies are designed to integrate actions for both physical and human capital. As implemented they need to put more emphasis on infrastructure and rural development.
Malawi: a health service pilot operation with modest objectives has achieved more than an ambitious public sector overhaul program
16
Donors and countries have overlooked opportunities for regional cooperation in country development strategies
They need greater peripheral vision to address such issues as water management, power, transport, and disease control.
17
Reform requires consensus-building. Combining short-term outputs with a long-term reform program helps deliver results
Ghana: IDA Support for education combined policy reforms with funding for school buildings and teaching materials over 15 years. Physical improvements helped build support for difficult systemic reforms.
18
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
Number of Countries
2 2 2 2
Number of Countries
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G o ve rn m e n t E ffe c tive n e s s
R e g u la to ry Q u a lity R u le o f la w
Notes: Quality of Government Process Indicators: CPIA for budget and financial management, and for public administration 1999-2005. Governance Indicators are Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi Indicators for 1996-2004. Sample includes all countries for which IEG carried out a CAE or CASCRR in FY03-06, where the Bank provided support for public sector and governance reforms and for which CPIA and KKM indicators were available.r io r a t io n De t e Im p r o v e m e n t No C h a n g e De t e r io r a t io n Im p r o v e m e n t No C h an g e Source: ARDE 2006
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22
Public procurement:
Civil society representatives observe public tendering in the Philippines. Uganda posts results of procurement audits, contract awards etc. on the web.
23
Customs administration:
The South East European Trade and Transport
Implications: Basing Governance Reforms On A Realistic Assessment Of The Political Economy Reforms to improve the accountability of public sector institutions require broad-based political support. When such support is absent, an incremental approach that allows momentum for reforms to build can help achieve results.
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25
2222 - 2222
22 .2 22 .2 22 .2
22 2
2 2
2 2
22 .2 22 .2 22 .2
2 2
2 2
22 .2 22 .2 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 * 22
Debt relief
ODA / GN I
% of GNI
22 .2
22s 22
22s 22
Summing up
Independent Evaluation finds that development effectiveness improves when it:
Focuses on the nature of growth Integrates activities across sectors and sustains them over time Supports and fosters a good policy framework in each country Recognizes each countrys political and capacity realities and builds on deep country knowledge Aid volumes and fragmentation: source of
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http://www.worldbank.org/ieg/arde 2006
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