CHAPTER 6

SOUND WAVES

WAVES
Wave is defined as an oscillatory disturbance which travels through the medium without change of form.

DEFINITIONS
Periodic motion A motion that repeats itself in equal interval of time is called a periodic motion. Oscillatory motion If a particle makes an to and fro motion about its mean position , the morion is called as oscillatory motion. Period of Oscillation Time taken by the particle to complete one oscillation is called period.

Frequency The number of oscillations, performed by particle per second is called as frequency of the oscillation Amplitude The maximum displacement of particle from its mean position is called amplitude.

Classification of waves

Nonmechanical waves

Mechanical waves

MECHANICAL WAVES
The waves which require material medium for their propagation are called mechanical waves

NON MECHANICAL WAVES

The waves which does not require material medium for their propagation are called as nonmechanical waves.

WAVE MOTION
Wave motion is propagation of disturbance (energy) through the medium in terms of oscillations of medium particles.

PROGRESSIVE WAVES

The waves which continually advance through the medium are called progressive waves. They are of two types : Transverse waves Longitudinal waves

DIFF. BETWEEN LONGITUDINAL & TRANSVERSE

WAVES
Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves

Vibration of the particles of the medium are parallel Medium is divided in compressions & rarefractions Pressure and density at any point of medium varies.

Vibration of the particles of the medium are perpendicular Medium is divided into crests and troughs Pressure and density at any point of medium does not vary

Longitudinal Waves

Transverse Waves

For propagation medium must possess elasticity of volume The distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefrations is called wavelength of Longitudinal wave

For propagation medium must possess elasticity of shape The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs is called wavelength of Transverse wave

MUSICAL SOUND & NOISE

The sound can be divided into two types

Noise

Musical Sound

MUSICAL SOUND...\FINAL SONGS\09 TRACK 9 I AM BARBIE.MP3

Musical instruments like guitar ,flute . Violin produce sound having pleasant effect on listener is called musical sound

NOISE
Sound

produced by shouting of a person , thunderstorms etc. produces unpleasant effect on the listener and are called as Noise.

 Two

musical sounds can be differentiated from one another based on following characteristics: Loudness

Pitch
of timbre

Quality

LOUDNESS
Loudness is the characteristics by which we differentiate two sounds having same frequency. Loudness depends on intensity of vibration. The energy of a particle performing vibrations is proportional to the square of amplitude(A) and Frequency (n).

PITCH

Pitch differentiates two sound notes of same loudness and quality. It depends on the frequency o