Control of NonCommunicable Diseases

Annalyn T. Galvez, RN 9/12/2011

Integrated community-based noncommunicable disease prevention program Programs for the prevention of other non-communicable diseases 1. National prevention of blindness 2. Mental health and mental disorders 3. Renal disease control program 4. Community-based rehabilitation program

NCDs Non-Communicable Diseases

Also called lifestyle-related diseases bec. nutrition, physical activity, smoking/ tobacco use, excess alcohol drinking, & stress contribute to their development. More chronic, debilitating NCDs are the leading causes of mortality in the Phils today & not anymore communicable disease.

NCDs - #1 killer of people

1. 2. 3. 4.

worldwide. Epidemic global problem The largest contribution to mortality in the majority of countries. These include: diseases of the heart & blood vessels, Cancers, COPD &related respiratory conditions, and DM.

Shared risk factors can be prevented or modified early to prevent NCD. Control of many of these diseases will also depend greatly on the control of these lifestyle-related risk factors.

Top 10 Causes of Death in the Philippines in 2010:

As of July 2010, the death rate in the country was estimated at 5.06 deaths per 1,000 population. The number placed the Philippines in the 184th spot among 226 countries listed in The World Factbook.

Top 10 Causes of Death in the Philippines in 2010:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.
9. 10.

Heart Disease Stroke CA COPD Road Accidents & Injuries Diabetes Dengue Fever Maternal Deaths Kidney Failure Perinatal Conditions

Risk Factor Assessment:

Risk factor refers to any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual, w/c increases the likelihood of developing NCD (WHO, 2001) Cigarette smoking Nutrition/ diet Overweight/ obesity Physical inactivity/ sedentary lifestyle Excessive alcohol drinking

Shared Risk Factors of NCDs

Non-Modifiable: 1. Family history 2. Age 3. sex Modifiable: 1. smoking/tobacco use 2. Overweight/ obesity 3. Sedentary lifestyle 4. Diabetes 5. Hypertension 6. Low HDL, hyperlipidemia

Risk Factors of Diabetes

Non-modifiable: 1. Family hx 2. Hx of GDM, IGT 3. Hx of baby > 9 lbs at birth Modifiable: 1. Overweight/ obesity 2. Sedentary lifestyle 3. Hypertension 4. Low HDL, hyperlipidemia

Health Promotion-Conceptual Framework for NCD Prevention

RISK REDUCTION: -wt. mgt. -treat hyperlipidemia, HPN -smoking cessation - Stress mgt.

HEALTH PROMOTION
PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES CVD, some CAs, DM type 2, -Healthy eating (veg., fruits, limit fats, & Na, limit preserved, processed food

& other lifestyle related diseases

-More physical activity

-Smoking cessation/ smoke free environment

The Goal of Health Promotion

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2.

Health for All which can be achieved in two ways: Promoting healthy lifestyles & community action for health. Creating conditions which make it possible to live a healthy life.


1. 2. 3.

It is manifested through: Acts of advocacy Empowerment of the people. Building social support systems that enable people to make healthy choices and live a healthy life.

Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion: 5 Action Areas

1. Build healthy public policy Put health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors & all levels of society mainly government. 2. Create supportive environment. Social political, economic & physical dimensions of environment 3. Strengthen community action. - Include community org; @ the heart of this process is the empowerment of communities, ownership & control of their own desires.

4. Develop personal skills. - Personal & social devt. thru providing information, education for health & enhancing life skills-arena for health education. 5. Re-orient health services. - Include training of health professionals.

Why emphasis on behavior?

To succeed, need active & effective participation of the people whose health we seek to improve Virtually all members of a target population can play an active role in improving their health Behavior is a critical factor for any professional or program interventions Need to measure behaviors in population: e.g.: BRFFS (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System )

The Lifestyle Construct

Behavior not as isolated acts totally which the control of the individual Socially conditioned, culturally embedded, economically constrained patterns of living

Smoking/ Tobacco Use: ROLE OF NURSES

1.

2.

3.

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Acknowledge our personal responsibility to prevent people from taking up smoking. Promote smoking cessation among patients & public. Act as non-smoking role models. Advocate for laws/ policies that promote smoke free environment.

Nurses Role in Health Promotion & Disease Prevention

1.

2.

3.

4.

Model healthy lifestyle behaviors & attitudes Facilitate client involvement in assessment, implementation, & evaluation of health goals. Teach clients self-care strategies to enhance fitness, improve nutrition, manage stress, enhance relationship. Assist individuals, families, communities, to increase their levels of health.

5. Teach clients to be effective health care consumers. 6. Assist clients to develop & choose health-promoting options. 7. Guide clients development in effective problem solving & decision-making. 8. Reinforce clients personal & family health-promoting behaviors. 9. Advocate in community for changes that promote a healthy environment.

6 Responsibilities in promoting healthy nutrition in your community:

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3.

Educate as many people in your community, particularly mothers, teachers & food handlers on balanced & healthy diet. Assess for wt problems & unhealthy nutrition-related practices. Screen for other risk factors r/t nutrition, such as blood cholesterol level & HPN.

4. For personal found to be @ risk of NCD, advise and counsel for risk modification. 5. Make referrals where appropriate. 6. Advocate for a supportive environment where healthy food is available and affordable.

SUMMARY

Avoiding Sickness: Prevent Disease: Exercise

References:
A Training Manual for Health Workers on Promoting

Healthy Lifestyle: NCDs, #2. http://www.philstar.com http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news Public Health Nursing in the Philippines, 2007. Seminar Workshop on Curricular Enhancement of the BSN Program: Prevention & Control of NCDs thru Health Promotion & Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle, Nov. 4-6, 2009 Susan Blumenthal, M.D., Public Health Editor at HuffPost and Former U.S. Assistant Surgeon General. www.DOH.gov.org www.WHO.org