SOURCES OF

ENERGY
Energy is the ability to do work. Wherever work
is done, energy is used. It can be converted from
one form to another but cannot be created or
destroyed.
Energy is available from different sources in
different forms.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
SOURCE OF ENERGY
 A source of energy must be able to give
useful energy.
 It can easily transported, stored and used.
 It should be able to give a steady flow of such
energy for longer times.
Different Sources of
Energy
 Hydroelectric
 Coal
 Geothermal
 Biomass
 Tidal and Wave
 Petroleum
 Gas
 Wind
 Solar
 Energy Sources

Renewable Non-Renewable
 Renewable Sources
A renewable energy source is one which can be
used over and over again.
These sources can be regenerated and are also
called non-conventional sources of energy. There
are many renewable sources of energy. Some of
these are Sun, Wind, Water, Firewood,
Agricultural residue and animal dung.
 Non-Renewable Sources
A non-renewable energy source is that which
gets used up and cannot be recreated in a short
period of time. These sources include fossil fuels-
oil, natural gas and coal. Once such fuels are
taken out of the earth, they will not be formed in
near future again. So they are called Non-
renewable sources.
 Need for Classification
This classification has helped us to focus on the
need to conserve those non-renewable sources,
which are depleting fast. Also, the realization that
such sources cannot be regenerated, has forced us
to start looking for alternate sources. So it has led
to the development of new technologies that will
help sustain future generations needs for energy
and are also less polluting.
 Solar Energy
Sun is the ultimate source of energy and the energy
from Sun is called Solar energy. It contains infra-red
rays, that cause heating. Some of the devices made
are:-
 Solar cookers
 Solar water Heaters
 Solar furnace
 Solar photo voltaic cell
 Solar water pumps
 Solar power plants
 Wind Energy
It is a source of energy which
derives its energy from Sun. The
energy is actually the kinetic
energy of large mass of air,
moving in some direction. Wind
energy is being used to generate
electricity. Windmills are used
for this Also, windmills are used
to grind grains, to pump water,
to propel sailboats.
 Energy from Water
There are virtually endless sources of
energy from water. Some are:-
 Hydroelectric Energy

 Ocean Energy

 Tidal Energy

 Harnessing of tidal Energy

 Ocean thermal Energy

continued…..
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
 Geothermal Energy
The source of heat below the surface of earth is
called Geothermal energy. It exists due to very
hot core of earth and is directly or indirectly
dependent on sun. The molten rocks, called
magma, is the source of geothermal energy.
 Bio-Energy
Bio-Energy includes various forms of energy
generated from biomass, which includes all the
living organisms as well as their products and
wastes. Biomass energy is produced by burning
of solid biomass fuels like green plants,
agricultural residues, wood etc. Biofuels are
derived from biomass. They are renewable
sources of energy.
continued…..
 Biomass as fuel
Use of biomass as fuel is an old story. Wood is
still primary source of heat. Animal dung
cakes are still used for cooking. Biofuels can
be obtained from terrestrial biomass or aquatic
biomass or various types of organic wastes
that are generated by industry, agriculture,
domestic sewage etc. Some plants also
produce oil and petroleum, and are called
Petro-plants, while others may yield alcohol.
continued…..
 Biogas
Biogas is produced from materials, which
may have animal origin or plant origin.
Biogas is also called Gobar gas. It is used
for cooking and lightning in rural areas.
The anaerobic bacteria change the
biomass into biogas, which is actually a
mixture of gases.

continued…..
 Biogas Plants
Biogas plants are the structures in which raw
materials are fed, digested and biogas is
produced and stored. The commonly used
biogas plants are:-
 Floating drum

 Fixed drum or drumless

 Nuclear Energy
When the nuclei of heavy atoms like uranium,
split and form smaller nuclei, a large quantity of
energy is released. This process is called fission
and the energy produced is called nuclear
energy. A nuclear power plant operates through
the heat generated by fissioning or splitting of
uranium nuclei.
 Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are those which were formed over a
period of millions of years by the action of heat
and pressure on the remains of dead plants and
animals. The three major forms of fossil fuels
are:-
 Coal

 Petroleum

 Natural gas

continued…..
 Coal
Coal produces heat on burning. It can be
converted into other forms like coal gas and oil
etc. .Coal is formed by physical and chemical
alteration of peat by processes involving
bacterial decay, compaction, heat and time.
When coal is burnt in the absence of air, many
products like coal tar, ammoniacal liquor, coke
and coal gas.
 Petroleum
The word petroleum is a combination of two words,
Petra means rock and Oleum means oil. Since
petroleum was found below the crust of earth trapped in
rocks. It is formed by the sedimentation of dead
remains of microscopic marine plants and animals,
which were buried under the surface of the earth,
millions of years ago. It is pumped out from its
reservoirs deep inside the earth by drilling holes
through rocks.
 Natural Gas
It is found with petroleum in oil wells. It contain
mainly methane, which is a hydrocarbon. It
burns easily to produce heat and light and is
colourless, odourless and tasteless. When it is
compressed under high pressure, it is called
compressed natural gas (CNG).
 Hydrogen and Alcohol
Hydrogen and alcohol are being considered as
fuels of future. Hydrogen is most versatile of
all fuels as it can be converted to energy
through five different processes. Alcohol is
found to be less polluting and it can give more
power. It will be cheaper when produced in
large quantities.
 Green House Effect
The atmospheric CO2 allows infrared rays of shorter
wavelength to pass through it and heat the earthly
bodies. This heating up of earth’s atmosphere due to
trapping of infrared rays by the layers of carbon
dioxide in atmosphere is called Green-house effect.
The rise of temperature produced by green
house effect depends on the proportion of CO2 present
in atmosphere.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
 Science For 10th Class (P.S.E.B)
 Science For 10th Class (N.C.E.R.T)

 The Living World (a book of Science &

Technology)
 Encarta

 Internet
 THANKS TO THE
AIF DE PROGRAM AND OUR
GUIDE
THAT HELP ME TO MAKE THIS
PRESENTATION
 PRESENTED BY:-
Mrs. Suman Bala
S.St Mistress
Govt. Girls Sec. School, Kathu Nangal
Amritsar