Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Formulation of an H ypothesis
P lanning an experiment to objectively test the hypothesis Careful observation and collection of D ata from the experiment I nterpretation of the experimental results
Steps in Experimentation
H P
Definition of the problem Statement of objectives Selection of treatments Selection of experimental material Selection of experimental design Selection of the unit for observation and the number of replications Control of the effects of the adjacent units on each other Consideration of data to be collected Outlining statistical analysis and summarization of results
D I
Degree of precision
appropriate design sufficient replication
Types of variables
Continuous
can take on any value within a range (height, yield, etc.) measurements are approximate often normally distributed
Discrete
only certain values are possible (e.g., counts, scores) not normally distributed, but means may be
Categorical
qualitative; no natural order often called classification variables generally interested in frequencies of individuals in each class binomial and multinomial distributions are common
Terminology
experiment treatment
factor
levels variable
unit (plot)
More Terminology
replications
experimental units that receive the same treatment group of homogeneous experimental
block
units
sampling unit part of experimental unit that is
measured
experimental variation among experimental units
error
Hypothesis testing
Decision
Accept H0 Reject H0
Reality
H0 is true 1 = 2
Correct
HA is true 1 2
Type II error
Power is greater when differences among treaments are large alpha is large standard errors are small