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Macrodrip
Use if solution is thick or need to infuse rapidly
Delivers 10 – 20drops/ ml
FILTERS
Filters provide protection by preventing particles
from entering the client’s veins
Filters are used in IV lines to trap small particles
such as undissolved antibiotics or salt or
medications that have precipitated in solution
Assess the agency policy regarding the use of
filters
A 0.22-um filter is used for most solutions, a 1.2-
um for solutions containing lipids or albumin, and a
special filter for blood components
NEEDLELESS SYSTEMS
Needleless systems include recessed
needles, plastic cannulas, and one-way
valves; these systems decrease the
exposure to contaminated needles
Do not administer total parenteral nutrition
or blood products through a one-way valve
INTERMITTENT INFUSION SETS
Intermittent sets are used when intravascular accessibility
is desired for intermittent administration of medications by
IV push or IV piggyback
An IV lock is attached for intermittent infusion devices
Patency is maintained by periodic flushing with normal
saline solution (sodium chloride and normal saline are
interchangeable names)
When administering medication, flush with 1 to2 mL
(depending on agency policy) of normal saline to confirm
placement of the IV cannula; administer the prescribed
medication, and then flush the cannula again with 1 to2 mL
(depending on agency policy) of normal saline to maintain
patency
SLECTION OF PERIPHERAL IV
SITE
Veins in the hand, forearm, antecubital fossa,
scalp and feet
Assess the veins of both arms closely before
selecting a site
Start IV infusion distally
Determine the clients dominant side
Bending the elbow on the arm with IV may
obstruct the flow causing thrombophlebitis and
infiltration
Use an armboard as needed in the area of flexion
ADMINISTRATION OF IV SOLN
Check the IV solution for the type amount,
percent of solution and rate of flow
Assess the health status and medical
disorders
Wash hands thoroughly and use sterile
technique
Prime the tubing to remove air from the
system
ADMINISTRATION OF IV SOLN
Change the IV site every 48 – 72 hrs
Change the IV dressing every 72 hrs
especially when wet and contaminated
Change the IV tubing every 24 to 72 hrs
Label the tubing, dressing and solution bags
indicating the date and time when changed
Before adding med or solutions, swab
access ports with 70% alcohol
COMPLICATIONS
Infection – redness, swelling and drainage
at site; chills, fever, malaise, headache
Tissue damage – skin color change,
sloughing of skin, discomfort at site
Phlebitis – heat, redness, tenderness, not
hard and swollen
Thrombophlebitis – heat, redness,
tenderness, hard and cordlike vein
Infiltration – Edema, pain, and coolness at
the site
COMPLICATIONS
Catheter embolism – decrease BP, pain
along vein, weak, rapid pulse, cyanosis of
nail beds, loss of consciousness
Circulatory overload – increased BP,
distended jugular veins, rapid breathing,
dyspnea, moist cough and crackles
Electrolyte overload – signs depend on the
specific electrolyte imbalance
COMPLICATIONS
Hematoma – ecchymosis, immediate
swelling and leakage of blood at the site,
and hard painful lumps at the site
Air embolism – tachycardia, dyspnea,
hypotension, cyanosis, decreased level of
consciousness
COMPUTATIONS
gtts/min = volume in cc x DF
nos. of hrs x 60 min
nos. of hrs = volume in cc x DF
number of hours
Infusion time = total volume to infuse
ml/ hr being infused
CALCULATION OF INFUSION OF
UNIT DOSAGE PER HOUR
Two Steps
1. determine the amount of medication/ ml
2. determine the infusion rate or ml/ hr
Amount of medication/ ml
med/ ml = known amount of medication
total volume of diluent
Infusion rate
ml/ hr = dose per hour desired
concentration per ml
CALCULATION OF INFUSION OF
UNIT DOSAGE PER HOUR
PROBLEM
Order: continuous heparin Na by IV at 1000
units per hour
Available: IV bag 500 ml D5W with 20,000
unit of heparin Na
How Many ml/hr are required to administer
the correct dose
ANSWER
Conc/ ml = 20, 000 units
500 ml
=40 units/ ml