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Newtons law of gravitation states that the gravitational force of attraction between two particles of mass M and m separated by a distance r is directly proportional to the product m1m2 and inversely proportional to r2
Gravitational Field
A gravitational field is a region where gravitational force acts on massive bodies. An example is the gravitational field of the Earth.
The gravitational field strength g at a point in a gravitational field is defined as the force of gravity per unit mass at that point.
Gravitational Field
Variation of gravitational field strength, g with r, the distance from the centre of the Earth
Gravitational Field
The gravitational potential V at a point P in a gravitational field is defined as the work done per unit mass to bring a body from infinity to P.
The gravitational potential energy U of a body at a point P in a gravitational field is defined as the work done to bring the body from infinity to P.
Satellite
Principle
The centripetal force on the satellite = the gravitational attraction of the Earth
Escape velocity
The escape velocity ve from a planet is defined as the minimum velocity required by a body to escape completely from the gravitational pull of the planet.