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Khoerul Umam

Mathematics Education Postgraduate Surabaya State University 4/19/12

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Problem Solving

Problem solving is a process and skill that you develop over time to be used when needing to solve immediate problems in order to achieve a goal.

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Problem Solving mathematics

Mathematical problem solving is the resolution of a situation in mathematics which regarded as a problem by the person who resolves it.
Bell, F. H..1978. Teaching and Learning Mathematics. New York : Wm. C. Brown Company.

Benefits IN MATH EDU

As Prof. R. Soejadi said in Matematika untuk Guru dan Orang Tua murid development of mathematics occured when people around the world required to solved abundence of real life tasks. Naturally, the main point of problem solving is to educate students to be able to solve a lot of problem in the real life spesifically mathematics.

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Problem Solving

Problem Solving Process Problem Solving Approach Problem Solving Strategies

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Problem Solving

Understand the problem Plan how to solve it Carry out the plan Look back at your work.

Polyas problem solving steps

1. UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM 2. DEVISING A PLAN (To invent something new or a new way of doing something) 3. CARRYING OUT THE PLAN 4. LOOKING BACK

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Others Steps

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7 procee of problem solving

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Finding the right problem to solve Understa Defining the problem nding Analysing the problem Developing possibilities Devising Selecting the best solution Plan Implementing Evaluating and learning Carrying out

Plan Looking Back

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Finding the right problem to solve

Listen carefully to the problem. Mia and tha were each given a bar of chocolate in their lucnh box. On the way to shcol they decide to eat some of their chocolate. Now mia has only a third of bar of her chocolate bar left and thaha has only a sixth of his chocolate. How much chocolate do they have left between them ? Try drawing diagrams to show how much chocolate they have left. She provides several similar problem task cards. She then ask one of the learner how they solve the problem and invites others learners to ask question and to propose alternatives. Onely once

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Defining the problem

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Analysing the problem

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Developing possibilities

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Selecting the best solution

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Selecting the best solution

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Implementing

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Evaluating and learning

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Problem Solving Plan in 4 Steps:

Deb Russel :
1.

Clues

= Understanding

a fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem

2. Game Plan = Devising Plan 3. Solve = Carrying out the plan 4. Reflect = Looking Back

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Problem Solving process

1.

Problem Definition. Problem Analysis.

2.

3.

Generating possible Solutions. Analyzing the Solutions.

Understa nding

4.

5.

6.

Devising Plan Selecting the best Solution(s). Carrying out Planning the next course of action (Next Steps) Plan Looking Back
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The Six-Step Problem-Solving Process

1. Recognize the problem

Understa nding 3. List possible solutions to the problem

2. Gather data relative to the problem 4. Test possible solutions to the problem 5. Select the best solution to the problem 6. Implement the problem-solution

Devising Plan

Carrying out Plan Looking Back

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7 steps problem solving

Looking Back ; 7 Understandin g : 1, 2

Carrying out Plan ; 6

Devising Plan : 4/19/12 3, 4, 5

Equestion Sampel
Instruction Students Response Mathematics Word Teacher tell a question for Students write a question 2x + 3y = 24 equality in two kinds of variabel Teacher ask to find the value of x if value of y is 6. Students try to analyse If y is 6. What is the and guess the answer. value of x for 2x + And write the requirment 3y =24 for equestion. 2x + 3(6) = 24

Teacher encourage to Students write students to put the value of y into a equestion.

Students multiple 3 by 6. 2x + 18 = 24 The product is 18. so 2x = 24 18 Afterwards, subtracting 24 with 18. Finally students found the 2x = 6 4/19/12 value of x is X =3

Open ended Problem Solvingfield trip. Cars can take A class is planning transportation for a
4 passengers. Vans can take 6 passengers. There are 24 students in the class. How many cars and vans are necessary to take the whole class? Please explain your work, using picture, numbers, and words. Show as many solution as you can.

Let all students to take some notes. Teacher encourage students to try to imagine that we are going to held the vocation in the next month. Thus try some of your friends have been in a car. Then you can try to count the reminders. If four students have been in car. Is there anyone of you can guess how many students are we now ? Try to subtract the total students by some others who has just in. Any body who wants to try. 20 students. Try to put some of you in van and some others in cars. Afterwards, you can try to count the total of vans and cars which is used to take the entire class for a field trip.
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Comparasion
Traditional
-

Problem Solving
-

The question has only possible answer.

Students can creatively reply the question by a lot of choices.

Dying the creativity ability

Encourage the students to decide their own

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4/19/12 Problem Solving Strategies

Draw a diagram Make a list Gues and check Divide and conquer Strat the entert Look for a pattern

Problem Solving Strategies

fcat
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Look for a pattern Make an organized list Guess and check Make a table Work backwards Use logical reasoning Draw a diagram Solve a simpler problem Read the problem carefully Create problem solving journals

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Problem Solving Strategies

1.

Find a pattern Make a table Work Backwards Guess and Check Draw a Picture Make a list Write a Number Sentence Use Logical Reasoning

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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Problem solving strategies

Goerge Lenchers Problem Solving in Mathematics.

Draw a picture of a diagram Find a pattern Make an organized list Make a table Solve a simpler problem Trial and error Experimenting Act out the problem Work backwards Write an equation Use deducation.

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Creative Problem Soling

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Definition
Creative problem solving is the mental process of creating a solution to a problem. It is a special form of problem solving in which the solution is independently created rather than learned with assistance. Mental means connected with or happening in the mind, involving the process of thinking. Page 960 (Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia TheCreative Problem Solving Process(CPS), also known as the Osborn-Parnes CPS process, was developed byAlex Osborn andDr. Sidney J. Parnesin the 1950s.[1]CPS is a structured method for generating novel and useful solutions to problems

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Creative problem solving

Process Stage

Steps Objective Finding (identify the goal, wish or challenge)

Explore the Challenge

Fact Finding (gather the relevant data) Problem Finding (clarify the problems that need to be solved in order to achieve the goal) Idea Finding (generate ideas to solve the identified problem) Solution Finding (move from idea to implementable solution) Acceptance Finding (plan for action)

Generate Ideas

Prepare for Action

Source : International , Creative Problem Solving Insitute, CRAV Conference. 4/19/12

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Khoerul Umam, CC, SPd