Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Kamran Saeed
AJCL and Eastern Technologies
Outline
Types of Cooling Systems
Objectives of Cooling Treatment Program Monitoring Methods Types of Chemical Treatments Conclusion
Closed
Process
Body of Water
Cooling Tower
Makeup Water
Blowdown
CLOSED COOLING
Makeup Water Process
Surge Tank
Corrosion
Biological
Fouling
Scale Deposition
FOULING
Scale
Crystalline
Deposition
Amorphous Solids form away From Surface Deposits may form due to low velocity or adhesive binder
Forms on Surfaces
Most Common on Heat Transfer Surfaces
SCALE
A crystalline material formed inplace. Scale precipitates and grows on surfaces.
DEPOSITION
Deposition is the accumulation of material that has formed elsewhere and has migrated to the place where it adheres.
MONITORING METHODS
Scale coupons
Heat transfer monitor
MICROBIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW
Principle cause of water problems
If not controlled, MB will increase
Corrosion rates Fouling rates
Nitrifiers
Fungi Mold Yeast Algae
Monitor to ensure the results are achieved Proper registration for the biocide in use Process leaks should be detected and stopped as soon as possible
OXIDIZING BIOCIDES
Chlorine Chlorine gas Chlorine liquid (bleach) Bromine Sodium Bromide Liquid Solid Bromine Source Chlorine Dioxide Generated on site Ozone
NON-OXIDIZING BIOCIDES
nIsothiazolin n2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) nGlutaraldehyde nTerbuthylazine (TBZ)
CORROSION
Electrochemical reaction
Metal returns to its natural state
CONTROL OF CORROSION
Form a protective film of calcium carbonate on the metal surface using the natural calcium and alkalinity in the water Remove the corrosive oxygen from the water, either by mechanical or chemical deaeration Add corrosion inhibitors
MONITORING METHODS
Corrosion coupons
Corraters
Water analysis
MONITORING ACTIVITY
Biocides
Stabilised Bromine, Activated
Effective for the control of bacteria and algae in cooling water and related systems
Biodegradable Biocide Effective for the control of microbiological growths in cooling water systems
Biocides
Surfactant for Hypochlorite
Used for controlling bacterial growth in industrial process systems such as industrial process waters, re-circulating water cooling towers and evaporative condensers, oil production and transport, and pulp and paper production
Biocides
Chlorine Dioxide Is an effective water disinfectant that can be applied anywhere that contamination from micro-organisms occurs. It is also a powerful oxidizing agent that is used as a superior and cost-effective treatment for the following: Drinking water disinfection THM reduction in drinking water Fe and Mn removal Cooling tower biocide Pulp Bleaching
Corrosion Inhibitors
Silicate Based Corrosion Inhibitor
Inhibits both ferrous and non ferrous metal corrosion and also exhibits excellent deposit control Molybdate/Phosphonate Corrosion Inhibitor, Closed Systems It prevents corrosion and deposits in closed and aerated cooling water systems
Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion Inhibitor & Antifoulant for Aluminium Cooling & Closed Circuits
Is a superior corrosion inhibitor developed for use in closed water circulating systems containing aluminium
Corrosion Inhibitor/Antifoulant
Is a superior corrosion inhibitor developed to protect steel, copper and other non-ferrous metals Supplementary Corrosion Inhibitor Creates an insoluble polymeric surface complex on copper and its alloys
Scale Inhibitors
Combined Scale Control/Antifoulant
To inhibit scale formation and fouling in cooling water systems
Antifoams
Hydrocarbon Based Multi-Purpose
Multi-Purpose Antifoam Glycol Based Antifoam Water Based Antifoam
Conclusion
Importance of controlling cooling system problems (corrosion, scaling, and microbiological fouling)
Controlling microbiological fouling is key to the overall success of the cooling water system
Thank You