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Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from one stream to another. They are used to heat streams and to cool streams. The streams can be heated or cooled by other process streams, or they can be heated by steam and cooled by cooling water. Design Constraints 1. 2. Cost wish to have an exchanger that costs the least. Efficiency wish to have an exchanger that operates most efficiently, with minimum loss of energy in the transfer, and minimum drop in pressure of the fluids. Space wish to have an exchanger that is small. Materials want an exchanger built from materials that are compatible with the process streams and dont cost a lot. Maintenance want an exchanger that can be easily cleaned. Ease of construction.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Heat Exchangers
Typical questions that chemical engineers might have about heat exchangers: 1. What size heat exchanger do I need in a new process? 2. What type of heat exchanger do I need in a new process? 3. What are the heat transfer coefficients on the tube side and on the shell side?
Heat Exchangers
The driving force for the operation of a heat exchanger is the temperature difference between the fluids. The higher the temperature difference, the smaller the heat exchanger. However, the temperature difference is limited by boiling points of the liquids, scaling, materials of construction, etc. The proper design of a heat exchanger is a trade-off of price and performance.
2. Counter-current
3. Double pipe 4. Spiral 5. Finned 6. Compact 7. Shell and tube (most common in chemical process industries)
Co-current
Counter-current
Heat registers is a home hot water heating system is an example of this type.