Green sheet

OVERVIEW

Online HW assignments Practice Problems Course overview See course website www.physics.sjsu.edu/Becker/physics51

C 2011 J. Becker

3 slides printed on a page

Chapter 21A Electric Field and Coulombs Law

Electric charge Conductors, insulators, and induced charge Coulombs Law Electric field lines (sec. 21.1) (sec. 21.2) (sec. 21.3) (sec. 21.6)

C 2011 J. Becker

Learning Goals - we will learn: The nature of electric charge. How objects become electrically charged. How to use Coulombs Law to calculate the electric force between charges. How to calculate the electric field caused by electric charges. How to use the idea of electric field lines to visualize electric fields.

Electric charge
Protons have positive charge Electrons have negative charge

Opposite signs attract

Similar signs repel

Electric field used to calculate force between charges

C 2011 J. Becker

Photocopiers are amazing devices. They use electric charge to hold fine dust (toner) in patterns until the pattern may be transferred to paper and made permanent with heat.

LITHIUM (Li) ELEMENT Atom: electrically neutral 3 protons and 3 elec. Positive ion: missing one electron so net charge is positive Negative ion: has added electron so net charge is negative

A positive charge and a negative charge attract each other.

Two positive charges (or two negative charges) repel each other.

Figure 21.5

Electric forces in action

Figure 21.1a

Figure 21.1b

Figure 21.1c

Figure 21.6a

Copper is a good conductor of electricity; Glass and nylon are good insulators

Figure 21.6b

Figure 21.6c

CHARGING A METAL SPHERE BY INDUCTION

Charges are free to move in a conductor but are tightly bound in an insulator. The earth (ground) is a large conductor having many free charges.

POLARIZED insulator

CHARGED COMB ATTRACTS A PIECE OF PAPER

In an insulator the charges can move slightly (called polarization of the insulator). A piece of paper is attracted to a charged comb because the positive charges are closer to the negatively charged comb (in the upper figure).

An uncharged conductor can attract the charge imparted to paint droplets. Excess charges can flow to or from ground Car door

-e

The imaging drum is aluminum coated with selenium, which changes from an insulator to a conductor when illuminated with light.
Figure 21.2

LASER PRINTER USES CHARGED TONER

FORCE between two charges is given by Coulombs Law:

| F | = k | Q qo | / r2

We can use our notion of the gravitational field to form the concept of an ELECTRIC FIELD (E) Recall force between two masses: F = m g g is the gravitational field (9.8 m/sec2)
| F | = G | M m | / r2

The force between two charges Q and qo is given by: F = qo E

| F | = k | Q qo | / r 2

Coulombs Law: | F | = k | Q qo | / r 2 Rearranged: | F | = | qo [k Q/r2] |

Gives us: F = qo E

where the electric field E is:

| E | = | k Q / r2 |

ELECTRIC FIELD LINES START AND END AT ELECTRIC CHARGES An electric charge is surrounded by an electric field just as a mass is surrounded by a gravitational field.

Electric field and equipotential lines are perpendicular to each other In Lab #2 a voltmeter is used to measure the equipotential lines (in Volts) in order to determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field lines.

Forces on electron beam in a TV tube (CRT)

F = Q E and F = m g (vector equations)

TV tube with electron-deflecting charged plates (orange)

F=QE

Review
see www.physics.sjsu.edu/Becker/physics51

INTRODUCTION: see Ch. 1

Vectors Review (See Chapter 1)
Used extensively throughout course

C 2011 J. Becker

Vectors are quantities that have both magnitude and direction. An example of a vector quantity is velocity. A velocity has both magnitude (speed) and direction, say 60 miles per hour in a DIRECTION due west.

(A scalar quantity is different; it has only magnitude mass, time, temperature, etc.)

A vector may be composed of its x- and ycomponents as shown.

Ax A cos Ay A sin A Ax Ay
2 2 2

The scalar (or dot) product of two vectors is defined as

A B AB cos Ax Bx Ay By Az Bz
Note: The dot product of two vectors is a scalar quantity.

The vector (or cross) product of two vectors is a vector where the direction of the vector product is given by the right-hand rule. The MAGNITUDE of the vector product is given by:

A B AB sin

Figure 21.14

PROFESSIONAL FORMAT