Evaporation

widely used process in engineering as a simple technique to concentrate solutions Concentration is accomplished by boiling out a solvent, normally water, from the liquid.

Evaporation

One of the most energy intensive processes used in the dairy, food and chemical industries

Applications

Evaporators are used as a thermal separation technology, for the concentration or separation of liquid solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Dryer feed pre-concentration Volume reduction Water/solvent recovery Crystallization

Evaporation process

The cascade takes vapor from the rst unit and uses it to boil the solution. The same concept is used for the second unit and can be followed by further contacting units. The only requirement is that the pressure in each stage is lower than the previous one.

Evaporation process

The optimal number of units in a multi-eect evaporation process requires a process analysis of the tradeo between energy savings and the capital costs for the contacting units.

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS

Batch pan
Natural circulation Rising film tubular Falling film tubular

Rising/falling film tubular

Forced circulation

Wiped film
Plate equivalents of tubular evaporators

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Batch pan

one of the oldest methods of concentration concentration of jams and jellies where whole fruit is present and in processing some pharmaceutical products

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Natural circulation

Particular features

Quick start-up and large specific capacity

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS Rising Film Tubular

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Falling Film Tubular

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Rising/Falling Film Tubular

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Forced Circulation
Particular features

Long operating periods Optimized heat exchange surface

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS Wiped Film

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Plate Type Evaporators
Particular features

Use of different heating media High product quality Little space required Easy installation requiring little time Flexible evaporation rates Ease of maintenance and cleaning .

PLATE TYPE EVAPORATORS

For products that are heat sensitive

Lime juice Skim milk Caragenan Liquid egg Sugars Cheese whey Low alcohol beer Vegetable juices Chicken broth Mango juice Whey protein Citrus juice Orange juice Whole milk

Apple juice Coffee Pear juice Amino acids Fruit purees Pectin Beef broths Gelatin Pharmaceutical products Beet juice Grape juice Pineapple juice Betacyclodextrin

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS Rising/Falling Film Plate

RISING/FALLING FILM PLATE

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS Falling Film Plate

TYPES OF EVAPORATORS Falling Film Plate

based on: Capacity and operating data Product properties Utility Requirements material of construction Costs

Site conditions Legislative framework

EVAPORATOR TYPE SELECTION

Product properties

This diagram shows a selection guide based on the viscosity and fouling tendency of the product.

EVAPORATOR TYPE SELECTION

Material of Construction

Quantities and Concentration Ratios in Evaporation Plants

PLC - Programmable Logic Control