CELL STRUCTURE AND

CELL
 Class 9th  Teacher Trainer-
 Students Names
Miss Harinder Kaur
 Anita  Student Trainer-

 Ruchi Miss Rachna

 Priya

 Under the Guidance of:

 Mrs. Kusum Lata (Science Mistress)

 INTRODUCTION OF CELL,
CELL STRUCTURE

CELL :It is the structural and

functional unit of living organisms.
 DISCOVERY OF CELL:

CELL was discovered by ROBERT HOOKE in

(1665).He studied a thin piece of cork with his
crude Microscope. HOOKE described
That the cork is made up of hundreds of little
Hexagonal boxes giving a kind of honey Comb
appearance. He called these little boxes cells.
 TYPES OF CELLS:
1)PROKARYOTIC CELL
2)EUKARYOTIC CELL
PROKARYOTIC
CELL: There DNA is not
enclosed In a nuclear
Membrane. These cell do
not have a Well defined
nuclear. They also lack
cell Organelles E.G:
bacteria, blue Green algae,
Human RBC etc.
 CELL SHAPE

 Cells may have diverse shapes such as

polyhedral (with 8,12,or 14 sides)
Spherical (E.G. Eggs of many animals),
spindle (E.G. Smooth muscles FIBRE),
elongated (E.G.
Nerve cells), branched or red blood cells.
 CELL SIZE
The smallest known cell is MYCOPLASMA
OR PPLO.
Its size is 0.1 to 0.5mm.
The bacterial cell is 0.5 to 5mm,human red blood
corpuscles are 7 to 20mm.
The longest cell is nerve cell its size is 90-
100cm.ACETABULARIA a single called algae has
length of 10 cm.
The largest cell is avian eggs.
 types of organism with
respect to cell
1 UNICELLULAR ORGANISM:
Many organisms are made up of one Cell they are
called UNICELLULAR E.G. amoeba, paramecium.
2 MULTI CELLULAR ORGANISM:
Most of organisms are made up of Many cells are called
MULTICELLUARE.G. human being. Newly born
human baby has two Trillion cells. An adult man has
about 100 Trillion cells.
 Structure OF CELL
CELL BIOLOGY: the branch of biology which deals with
the study of structure and function of the cell in known as cell
biology.
Cells are the smallest structures capable of basic life
processes, such as taking in nutrients, expelling
waste, and reproducing. The structure of cell include
the protoplasm containing cell organelles, and
surrounded by a membrane.
 CELL WALL

The chitinous wall of cellulose

enclosing the cell membrane is
called cell wall. It is present
only in plants.
FUNCTION:
it is an outer rigid protective, supportive
covering of plant cells.
It allows the exchange of certain materials.
 CELL MEMBRANE
Every kind of cell is bounded by
a thin, delicate, living, and
Triaminic membrane called
Plasma membrane
FUNCTION :
1. It protects the cell from
Injury.
2. Plasma membrane binds the
Semi- fluid content of the cell.
3. It allows exchange selective
materials.
 CYTOPLASM
• The space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus is
filled by an amorphous, translucent, homogenous, colloidal
liquid celled cytoplasmic matrix. it consists of various
inorganic molecules such as water, salts of sodium ,
potassium, amino acids , carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
FUNCTION:
1.It help in exchange of materials between different cell
organelles.
2.Breaking down of glucose takes place in the cytoplasm.
3.Bio synthesis of nucleotides protein and fatties take place in it.
 nucleus
• The Nucleus is an important, centrally
located spherical cellular component. It is
bounded by two unit membranes, both
forming a nuclear envelope.
FUNCTION
• It directs cell differentiation
• And replication
• All variations due to genetic material
present in it.
• The chromosome present in it possess
genetic information in it.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 It is a complex network membrane
bounded tubules that run through the
cytoplasm. These are of two types: Rough
E.R. containing ribosome and smooth E.R.
lacking ribosome.
 Functions: It divides the cytoplasm into
small compartments.
 It helps in intracellular transport hence
known as circulatory system of cell.
 RIBOSOMES
IN eukaryotic cells, they
occur free in the cytoplasm
as well as attached to the
outer surface of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
FUNCTION
Ribosome help in Protein
synthesis inside The cell.
Hence they are Called
protein factories Of the cell.
 Mitochondria
 These are sausages shaped, may be
granular, filamentous and rod shaped.
 It is bounded by two membrane a smooth
outer membrane and inner folded
membrane to form cristae.
 Functions: It helps in the oxidation of
Glucose to provide energy hence called
power house of the cell.
 It helps in the cynthesis of chlorophyll
 Synthesis of many amino acids take place
here.
 Golgi Apparatus
It is present around or Above
the centrioles in All eukaryotic
cells in Except mammalian
‘RBC, And mature sperms. it
is Absent in the prokaryotes.
These are of different shapes
like christnae vesicles.
Function
It helps in secretion of
mucous, enzymes and
hormones.
It helps in the storage of
secretary products.