ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION
Presented By:
Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School
NEHRU GARDEN, JALANDHAR
 Meaning of Environmental
Pollution
Environmental
Pollution is a result
of natural causes
such as volcanic
eruptions, most is
caused by human
activities. Pollution
has a dramatic
effect on natural
resources.
 Types of Environmental
Pollution
 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Soil Pollution
 Solid Pollution
 Noise Pollution
 Thermal Pollution
 AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution, addition of harmful substances to the atmosphere resulting
in damage to the environment, human health and quality of life. Air
Pollution occurs in homes, offices, schools and even globally. Air Pollution
makes people sick and harms plants, animals and the ecosystems in which
they live. Air Pollutants return to the earth in the form of acid rain and
snow which damages crops, forests, plants and animals etc.
WATER POLLUTION
Water Pollution, contamination of
streams, lakes, underground water,
bays or oceans by substances
harmful to living things. Water is
necessary to life on earth. All
organisms contain it; some live in it;
some drink it. Plants and animals
require water that is moderately
pure, and they cannot survive if
their water is loaded with harmful
chemicals. Water pollution can kill
large numbers of fish, birds and
other animals. Pollution makes
streams, lakes, and coastal waters
unpleasant to look at, to smell, and
to swim in. People who drink
polluted water can become ill and
children with birth defects.
 Soil Pollution

Soil is a mixture of mineral, plant, and animal materials that forms

during a long process that may take thousands of years. It is necessary for
most plant growth and is essential for all agricultural production. Soil
pollution is a buildup of toxic chemical compounds, salts or radioactive
materials that can affect plant and animal life.
Unhealthy soil management methods have seriously
degraded soil quality, caused Soil Pollution. Treating the soil with
chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides interferes with the natural
processes occurring within the soil and destroys useful organisms such as
bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
 SOLID POLLUTION
Solid Pollution are unwanted solid
materials such as garbage, paper,
plastics and other synthetic
materials, metals, and wood.
Billions of tons of solid waste are
thrown out annually. Cities in
economically developed countries
produce far more solid waste per
capita than those in developing
countries. Moreover, waste from
developed countries typically
contains a high percentage of
synthetic materials that take
longer to decompose than the
primarily biodegradable waste
materials of developing countries.
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise Pollution or Sound Pollution, exposure of
people or animals to levels of sound that are
annoying, stressful, or damaging to the ears.
Although loud and frightening sounds are part
of nature, only in recent centuries has much of
the world become urban, industrial, and
chronically noisy.
Most noise pollution comes from
machines, especially automobiles, trucks, and
aircraft. Construction equipment, farm
machines, and the din of machinery inside
factories can be dangerously loud. Some home
appliances, shop tools, lawnmowers, and leaf
blowers can also be noisy, as are guns,
firecrackers, and some toys. Even music, when
played at very high volume, particularly
through personal headphones, is as damaging to
the ears as a roaring chain saw.
THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal Pollution, harmful increase in
water temperature in streams, rivers,
lakes, coastal ocean waters. Thermal
pollution is caused by either dumping
hot water from factories and power
plants or removing trees that
permitting sunlight to raise the
temperature of these waters. Thermal
pollution is widespread, affecting many
lakes and vast numbers of streams and
rivers. The major sources of thermal
pollution are electric power plants and
industrial factories. Cold waters are
better habitat for plants and animals
than warm ones because cold waters
contain more dissolved oxygen.
 IMPACTS OF POLLUTION
• Pollution has mostly effected the
human beings because human are at
the top.
• Pollution also has a dramatic effect on
natural resources like forests,
wetlands, coral reefs, and rivers etc.
• Another major effect of pollution is the
tremendous cost of pollution cleanup
and prevention.
 CONTROLLING OF POLLUTION
 To control Air Pollution in United states the Clean Air Act
1970 was made in which Law requires that the air contain no
more than specified levels of particulate matter, lead, carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic
compounds, ozone, and various toxic substances.
 To control Water Pollution in United States the Clean Water
Act 1972 was passed In which Law This law initiated a
national goal to end all pollution discharges into surface
waters such as lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, and coastal
waters. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), passed in 1974
and amended in 1986 and 1996, the EPA sets standards for
drinking water. all water drawn from surface water supplies
must be filtered to remove Cryptosporidium bacteria by the
year 2000
 To control Soil Pollution the government has passed the rule that
chemicals which are sprayed on the crops must be proved by the
government so that there is no further damage to the soil. Best soil
Management methods has been followed.
 To control Solid Pollution the government Started the recycling
program for solid wastes. Recycling also plays a significant, informal
role in solid waste management for many Asian countries, such as
India, where organized waste-pickers comb streets and dumps for
items such as plastics, which they use or resell.
 To control Noise Pollution In 1972 Congress passed a Noise
Control Act establishing an Office of Noise Abatement and Control in
the Environmental Protection Agency. The office conducted research,
coordinated the work of other agencies, and directly set noise
standards for trucks, motorcycles, air compressors, truck-mounted
garbage compactors and railroads. In the industrialized nations,
governments have laws and policies to counter noise pollution
 To control Thermal Pollution the problem of industrial thermal
pollution was first addressed in 1970, when Congress gave the
Atomic Energy Commission authority to regulate thermal pollution
from nuclear power plants. In 1972, the comprehensive Clean
Water Act instructed the Environmental Protection Agency to issue
regulations to clean up all hot water discharges from all power
plants, nuclear or conventional.