PRESENTED

BY:
SUMAN SHARMA &
NEELAM KALRA
GGHS NAI ABADI,
Solar System consists of the Sun and everything that
orbits the Sun, including the nine planets and their
satellites; the asteroids and comets; and interplanetary dust
and gas.
 Come Let’s Explore
the SPACE ! ! ! !

CLICK ON ANY MEMBER n

SEE…….
WHAT ‘S MORE ! ! !
 SUN
A Star Close-up
The Sun is a bright ball of gas that travels
across our sky each day. Many stars are
much bigger and hotter, and many stars
are smaller and cooler. The Sun is our
source of heat, light and energy, without it
we could not exist.
SUN
The
A Star nature of the Sun, its past and future,
Close-up
are vital to our continuing survival. A small
variation in the energy output of the Sun
could drastically affect our lives. The Sun is
a typical star of intermediate size and
luminosity.
“ Sun is so massive that
it can continue to shine at Sunlight and other radiation are produced
by the conversion of hydrogen into
its present brightness for 6
helium in the Sun’s hot, dense interior.
billion years. ”
More about SUN
 The diameter o f the Sun is about 1.4 million km across.

 It has an average surface temperature of 5800K.

 At its equator, the Sun turns once every 25 days.

 Because the Sun is a large

gaseous body, it spins at
different rates at different
places.

 The Sun is somewhat

flattened, the poles spin
fastest and the equatorial
regions are slowest.
 MERCURY
World at the Edge of the Sun

 Mercury is a small world (4878 km in diameter)

only 40 percent larger than our Moon.

 It orbits close to the Sun, a third closer than Earth

and speeds through a year in just over 87 days.

 Mercury spins slowly on its axis, taking 58.6

days to turn once.

 Mercury has a surprising temperature range of -173 to 430 C.

 It also has a very high density of 5.44 g/cm3.

 It is not a world we would want to visit, nor one where life

could be expected to survive.
VENUS The Planet of Extremes
 Venus was at one time thought to be the planet
that was most like The Earth.

 It was often even referred to as Earth's sister

planet.

 Venus is 95% the size of the Earth, has a density

close to Earth's and is only about 30% closer to
the Sun. So there were many reasons to believe
Venus might be just like the Earth only a little
warmer.

 Venus is a blistering inferno with temperatures

exceeding 880 degrees F and weather which rain

sulfuric acid!
 EARTH -- Oasis in Space
Compared to all of the other places in space we know of our planet is
indeed an oasis on space.

 It is the only world we know where can

exist without elaborate life support.

 We evolved on this small blue world and it

will remain our home until we are able to
reach for other worlds.

 Earth is not a particularly large planet, with a diameter of 12,756 km.

It is also interesting that a typical view of the planet would be a
water world.
 Indeed, 75 percent of the Earth is covered by WATER! ! !
 Orbiting 1.49 x 108km from
the Sun, the Earth moves
around the Sun at 29.8
m/sec.

 One trip around the Sun is

one Earth year and it is our
planet's 23.5 degree axial
tilt which gives us our
seasons.

Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets, and its geologic history is fairly

well understood. Because the planet is partially molten, the surface is

active with plate tectonics. The surface of the Earth is ever changing,

both by natural processes and processes by man.

MARS ---- The RED Planet
 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun
and is commonly referred to as the Red
Planet.
 The rocks, soil and sky have a red or
pink hue.
 The ancient Egyptians named the
planet Her Descher meaning ”The RED
One". MARS is easy to observe and
changing surface markings can be seen
with even a small telescope.
 Mars has a diameter of 6796 km, about half the size of the Earth.
 A day on Mars is 24 hours 37 minutes almost exactly the same
as Earth's.
 The Martian year is 687 days slightly less than twice the length
of a year on Earth. Mars is a fascinating planet!
Beyond Mars, the Solar System becomes a different place
altogether. The planets are no longer small rocky worlds,
they become ice giants that would dwarf the Earth. Out
here, the solar system is so cold that hydrogen and hydrogen
rich gases could be captured in the planet making process.
Because there was so much of this type of this building
material available, the planets formed on a grand scale of
size.
 JUPITER -- Lord of Solar System
 Jupiter contains over 70 percent of the
total planetary mass. This planet is truly
the lord of the solar system.
 It has a diameter over 11 times the
diameter of the Earth, and is over 320
times more massive.
 Jupiter is a ringed world, surrounded by
many moons, some of which are the
most interesting objects in the solar system.

 It has a mass of 1.9 x 1027 kg and is

142,800 kilometers (88,736 miles) across the
equator.
 Jupiter possesses 28 known satellites.
 SATURN -- Lord of RINGS
 Considered one of the gas giant
planets, Saturn is smaller and
colder than Jupiter.
 The planet has a diameter of
120,660 km, about 9.5 times the
diameter of the earth.
 Saturn takes 29.5 years to orbit the
Sun at a distance of 1427 million
km.
 Saturn has a fast rotation rate,
turning on its axis once every 10
hours 14 minutes. This has the
effect of flattening Saturn at its poles.

 Saturn is clearly visible in the night sky.

 The ancient Greeks named the planet after the GOD OF
AGRICULTURE AND TIME.
The astronomer CHRISTIAN HUYGENS found out the rings. The large
gaps
In between the rings, called the CASSINI Division and ENCKE Division.
Saturn's rings are made mostly of ice and rock pieces. It looks like one big
band, but is actually many SMALLER BANDS combined.

The rings are very thin. Although they reach diameters in the hundred
thousands kilometers, they are no more than 1.5 km thick. So how can such a
thin layer of ice pieces be so beautiful? The ice creates a rainbow effect much
like a sprinkler does in the sun. The SUN’s rays are refracted by the frozen
water, giving us a colorful display!
URANUS
Rolling sideways and spinning backwards
 Uranus is the seventh planet from the
Sun and is the third largest in the solar
system.
 It was discovered by William Herschel in
1781.
 It has an equatorial diameter of 51,800
kilometers (32,190 miles) and orbits the
Sun once every 84.01 Earth years.
 It has a mean distance from the Sun of
2.87 billion kilometers (1.78 billion miles).
It rotates about its axis once every 17
hours 14 minutes
 Uranus has at least 22 moons.

 Uranus is a cold world with an average temperature of

-221 C above cloud tops.
 NEPTUNE --- Blue World of the Deep
 Neptune is named after the Roman god of the sea.
 Seen through the telescope this planet appears as
a tiny pale bluish dot.
 The first two thirds of Neptune is composed of a
mixture of molten rock, water, liquid ammonia and
methane.
 The outer third is a mixture of heated gases
comprised of hydrogen, helium, water and
methane.
 Methane gives Neptune its blue cloud color.
 Neptune truly is out in the deep of the solar system, being over 30
times farther from the Sun than Earth.
 It is so far out that Neptune takes 165 years to make one trip
around the Sun! Though its year is so long, Neptune spins fast,
a day lasting 16 hours 3 minutes.
ASTEROIDS -- Debris in the Solar System

When the Solar System formed, not everything was

used to make planets and moons, leftovers became
asteroids and comets. They are perhaps the oldest
remnants of the early Solar System . Most of the
asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter,
but some have very elliptical orbits which bring them

very close to Earth. They range in size from about 30% the diameter of our

moon to pebble sized objects. In number, there are probably billion of asteroids

in the solar system. The largest known asteroid is Ceres which was the first

asteroid to be discovered in 1801. Ceres is about 1/3 the size of our moon. It

can be seen in amateur telescopes if one knows where and when to look.
 In 1993, Galileo passed only 3500 km from the
asteroid Ida. This was another irregularly
shaped world about 52 km long. Ida is also a
heavily cratered world. What was startling
about Ida was that it was found to have a
smaller body orbiting it! The little moon was 1.5
km in diameter, the first found to orbit an
asteroid.
Astronomers have divided asteroids into 3 classes, according to color and
spectra.
S type asteroids, including Gaspra, are reddish in color. It is believed
these are silicates mixed with metals.
C type asteroids are very dark in color and appear to be carbonaceous
in composition.
 M type asteroids are bright but not reddish. These appear to be iron-
nickel mixtures.
COMETS

“Snowballs in the Outback”

Comets come from the outback of the Solar System. Icy remnants left
behind from the formation of the Sun and planets, they are the most
beautiful of all.
Two such comets this decade:
 Hyakutake in 1996
 Hale-Bopp in 1997 (the comet of the century).
 At the center of the comet's head is the nucleus, typically several
kilometers in diameter.

 This nucleus is composed of ices of water, ammonia, carbon

dioxide and methane with dust mixed in.

 Surrounding the nucleus is the coma which may be over a million

km across.

 The coma is quite bright, both because of reflected sunlight and

because some of the freed gasses become ionized and radiate.

 Many comets have two tails, a gas tail and a dust tail and they
may extend 150 million km.
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