7-1LifeIsCellular

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

TheDiscoveryoftheCell

EarlyMicroscopes In1665,RobertHookeusedanearly compoundmicroscopetolookatathin sliceofcork,aplantmaterial.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

TheDiscoveryoftheCell

Whatisthecelltheory?

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

TheDiscoveryoftheCell

TheCellTheory In1838,MatthiasSchleidenconcluded thatallplantsweremadeofcells. In1839,TheodorSchwannstatedthatall animalsweremadeofcells. In1855,RudolphVirchowconcludedthat newcellswerecreatedonlyfromdivision ofexistingcells. Thesediscoveriesledtothecelltheory.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

TheDiscoveryoftheCell

Thecelltheorystates:

Alllivingthingsarecomposedofcells. Cellsarethebasicunitsofstructure
andfunctioninlivingthings.

Newcellsareproducedfromexisting
cells.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ExploringtheCell

ElectronMicroscopes Electronmicroscopesrevealdetails1000 timessmallerthanthosevisibleinlight microscopes. Electronmicroscopycanbeusedto visualizeonlynonliving,preservedcells andtissues.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ExploringtheCell

Transmissionelectronmicroscopes(TEMs)

Used to study cell structures and large protein

molecules

Specimens must be cut into ultra-thin slices

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ExploringtheCell

Scanningelectronmicroscopes (SEMs)

Produce three-dimensional images of cells Specimens do not have to be cut into thin slices

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ExploringtheCell

Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEMs)

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ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes Cellscomeinavarietyofshapesand sizes. Allcells:

are surrounded by a barrier called a cell

membrane.

at some point contain DNA.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

Cellsareclassifiedintotwocategories, dependingonwhethertheycontainanucleus.

Thenucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. Thenucleuscontrolsmanyofthecell'sactivities.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

Eukaryotes are cells that contain nuclei.

Prokaryotes are cells that do not contain nuclei.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

Whatarethecharacteristicsof prokaryotesandeukaryotes?

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Prokaryoticcellshavegenetic materialthatisnotcontainedina nucleus.

Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. All prokaryotes are Bacteria.
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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

Eukaryotes

Eukaryoticcellscontainanucleusin whichtheirgeneticmaterialis separatedfromtherestofthecell.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

ProkaryotesandEukaryotes

Eukaryoticcellsare generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryoticcellsgenerally contain dozens of structures and internal membranes. Manyeukaryoticcellsarehighlyspecialized. Plants,animals,fungi, and protists are eukaryotes.

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

Eukaryotes

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7-1 Life Is Cellular

Prokaryotes

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Thecelltheorystatesthatnewcellsare producedfrom
a. nonliving material. b. existing cells. c. cytoplasm. d. animals.

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Thepersonwhofirstusedthetermcell was
a. Matthias Schleiden. b. Lynn Margulis. c. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. d. Robert Hooke.

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Electronmicroscopesarecapableof revealingmoredetailsthanlight microscopesbecause

a. electron microscopes can be used with live organisms. b. light microscopes cannot be used to examine thin tissues. c. the wavelengths of electrons are longer than those of light. d. the wavelengths of electrons are shorter than those of light.
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Whichorganismlistedisaprokaryote?
a. protist b. bacterium c. fungus d. plant

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Onewayprokaryotesdifferfrom eukaryotesisthatthey
a. contain DNA, which carries biological information. b. have a surrounding barrier called a cell membrane. c. do not have a membrane separating DNA from the rest of the cell. d. are usually larger and more complex.
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