Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Segun Mojiminiyi
DIABETES PREVALENCE
MILLION 30-YR
DIABETICS 1995 2000 2025
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What we will talk about…..
Clinical Biochemistry of Diabetes
◗ What is diabetes mellitus?
◗ Classification of diabetes mellitus
◗ Metabolic and biochemical changes in
diabetes mellitus
◗ Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes
mellitus
◗ Diabetic Complications
What is diabetes mellitus?
■ Disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
metabolism
Results from defects in insulin secretion and/or
insulin action
■ Can represent:
An absolute insulin deficiency
Impaired release of insulin by the pancreatic
beta cells
Inadequate or defective insulin receptors
Production of inactive insulin or insulin that is
destroyed before it can carry out its action
I. Type 1 diabetes
A. Immune mediated
B. Idiopathic
Tissue
injury
Normal Insulin Action
Net
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Result:
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Without Insulin:
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Metabolic and Mechanism
Biochemical
Changes
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Metabolic and Mechanism
Biochemical
Changes
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Metabolic and Mechanism
Biochemical Changes
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Metabolic and Mechanism
Biochemical
Changes
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Diagnosis and monitoring of
diabetes mellitus
Criteria for Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
(American Diabetes Association)
1. Symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose
concentration ≥11.1 mmol/l. Casual is defined as any time
of day without regard to time since last meal. The classic
symptoms of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia and
unexplained weight loss.
Or
2. FPG ≥7.0 mmol/l. Fasting is defined as no food intake for
at least 8 h.
Or
3. 2-h Post Glucose intake ≥11.1 mmol/l during an OGTT.
The test should be performed as described by WHO using
a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75-g anhydrous
glucose dissolved in water.
Diagnostic Protocol
SYMPTOMATIC ASYMPTOMATIC
PATIENTS
PATIENTS
Fasting Plasma
Diabetes Confirm
Glucose
Fasting Plasma
Glucose
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Tests used for Assessment of risk
factors for complications …….
Use of Urine microalbuminuria: