INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND PROGRAMMEBLE LOGIC CONTROLER(PLC)

PRESENTED BY : Agni Bhattacharjee AEIE DEPARTMENT 3rd YR.(6th SEM) ROLL NO. 08119005038 SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

Industrial Automation Need & levels of industrial Automation Control System used in Automation field Programmable logic Controller(PLC) How Plc is Different from Common Computers PLC Hardware Architecture PLC Operations Ladder logic Programming & Basics Types of PLC Programming AND/OR/NOT GATE LADER Logic Representation Advantage & Disadvantage of PLC Applications of PLC Conclusion Bibliography

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION?

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization. Automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience

Levels of Automation:
MES

ERP

Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Level 0

Process automation
PLC,DCS

Sensors, Drivers

 Micro-controllers Programmable (Logic) Controllers or PLC Distributed Control System or DCS Computers, etc.

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures.

To replace relays and switches as mechanical Relays and switches failed regularly Easier to change hardwired logic (example: changing an OR circuit to XOR) Consumed low power Identification of problems are much easier than relay in PLC

MANUFACTURERS OF PLC
SIEMENS :
(Hardware platform S7 300, Software platform STEP 7, HMI - WinCC)

ROCKWELL:
(Hardware platform FlexLogix 5434, Software platform RSLogix 5000, HMI RSView32)

A PLC consists of minimum the following components:

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Power Supply Memory Rail / Rack Input Modules Output Modules
PROGRAMMING TERMINAL
PROGRAMMING TERMINAL IN INPUTP IINPUT OUTPUT RAIL / RACK

OUTPUT CPU MEMORY

POWER SUPPLY

PLC OPERATION
Steps done in PLC

Ladder Logic Programming

First PLC programming system used. Methods of describing relay logic of control circuits. Reflects the arrangement of various components

Basics
NO Contact NO Coil (Output) NC Contact NC Coil (Output)

Types of Program

Time Interrupt Program Event Interrupt Program Startup Program Cyclic Program
SCAN & EXECUTE PROGRAM

READ INPUTS FROM FIELD

WRITE OUTPUTS TO FIELD

Cyclic Program Execution

AND GATE

Ladder logic representation of And gate

OR GATE

Ladder logic representation of Or gate

NOT GATE

Ladder logic representation of Not gate

ADVANTAGE OF PLC
Easy Of programming and reprogramming in the plant. High reliability and minimum maintenance. Small physical size. Moderate to low initial investment cost Rugged construction. Ability to communicate with computer systems in the plant.

DISADVANTAGES OF PLC
Too much work required in connecting wires. Difficulty with changes or replacement.

APPLICATIONS
PLCs are used in all manufacturing plants or factories such as soft drink industry,excite factories etc. Nowdays it is also used in traffic control,car parking etc.

SIEMENS PLC S7 300

Conclusion
Thus PLC are vital parts of industrial automation systems. Compared to relays they are low in cost and can well communicate with computer systems in the plant. Above all, the user needs to have complete knowledge of the programming language in order to work with a PLC.

Bibliography
Industrial Instrumentation And Control-S K Singh
Process Control Instrumentation Technology-C D Johnson Study materials from Webel Automation And Convergence Academy, Kolkata.

Thank you!